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LIFTS/ELEVATORS,ESCALATORS,

RAMPS
Means of transportation of people,
goods, food, between different
levels/floors of a building
TYPES OF LIFTS
• ON THE BASIS OF MECHANISM • ON THE BASIS OF FUNCTION &
• TRACTION ELEVATOR-used for CONSTRUCTION
all types of buildings may be • Passenger lift
1. Geared or Gearless • Service lift
2.With machine room or without • Freight /goods lift
• HYDRAULIC ELEVATOR- • Stretcher/hospital
For low rise buildings • Dumb waiter
• Panoramic lift
SPEEDS-1M/SEC TO 10M/SEC or • Express elevators
even upto 18m/sec • Fire mans lift
• Evacuation Lifts Buildings, for
super high rise (height more
than 200 m) buildings
ELEVATOR INSTALLATIONS
• World's Fastest Elevator
• 12Unique elevator installations • Shanghai Tower and the Burj
– 12.1World statistics Khalifa hold the current record of
– 12.2Eiffel Tower world's fastest elevators with
– 12.3Taipei 101 their cars traveling at roughly 18
– 12.4The Gateway Arch meters per second.
– 12.5New City Hall, Hanover,
Germany
– 12.6Luxor incline elevator
– 12.7Germany
– 12.8Twilight Zone Tower of Terror
– 12.9"Top of the Rock" elevators
– 12.10The Haunted Mansion
– 12.11Elevators for urban transport
TRACTION ELEVATORS
• Electrically operated
• Works on the see-saw principle
• Consist of the Following parts-
1. lift shaft/hoistway
2. Lift machine room
3. Lift pit
4. Equipment required for operation
Equipment
Control panel
Electric motor
Driving sheave & guiding sheave
Hoisting rope/cable
The lift car with counter weight
Buffers for car & counterwt
Guiding rails
Speed governer
Geared or Gearless
TRACTION ELEVATORS
FEATURES OF MRL LIFT
• Gearless Machine for smooth, quiet motion
• 1 m/s to 1.6m/s speed range (180 starts per hour)
• 10 to 16 passenger load range (680 - 1088kg)
• Smooth ride.
• Versatile landing and car door configurations.
• Earthquake-friendly jigged guiding
• Small control cabinet on the upper level
• Time and money-saving benefits: long lifespan, low
operating cost, easy installation and service
• Cost-efficient elevator application
• No machine room
• Limited floors
MRL(machine room
less)traction lifts
HYDRAULIC ELEVATORS
•Works on Pascals
principle
•Does not require a
machine room above
•Works only upto 5
floors
•Speed is less 1.1m/sec
•Less expensive
•Three types
•Safer than traction
HYDRAULIC LIFT PRINCIPLE
COMPARISON OF HYDRAULIC & TRACTION ELEVATORS
DUMBWAITERS
• Dumb Waiters — A lift with
a car which moves
• in guides in a vertical
direction; has a net floor
area of 1 sqm, total inside
height of 1.2 m, whether or
not
• provided with fixed or
removable shelves; has a
• capacity not exceeding 250
kg and is exclusively used
for carrying materials and
shall not carry any person.
PANORAMIC LIFTS
ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR LIFTS
• Conformity with Indian electricity act & rules
• Provisions of NBC Building services
• Conformity with Indian standard institutions
• Conform with fire safety regulations OF NBC
• Factor of safety 5 to 7.
• Bottom car clearances- 600MM at least when car
rests on a fully compressed buffer
• Top car clearances as per NBC for
counterweights.
• These are different for SERVICE LIFTS
LIFT WELL DIMENSIONS AS PER NBC &
MANUFACTURER
• Passenger lift-table 1, DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES
1A FOR LIFT WELLS
• Minimum clearances are
• Service lift- TABLE 1 & given by manufacturer
1A &NBC
• Freight /goods lift-table • Adequate tolerances to be
2 provided in building design
• Stretcher/hospital- in excess(but not less)
which can be
table3 accommodated by the lift
• Dumb waiter-table4 maker to avoid changes in
design later.
PLANNING FOR DIMENSIONS
• Doors of the lift well are accommodated within
except in rare cases they can be recessed in the
wall
• Special care in high rise to maintain “clear plumb
dimensions”.
• Rough opening in the landing wall(BK OR
CONC)should have sufficient allowances To allow
alignment errors
• For a lift well with multiple lifts a min allowance
of 100mm for separator beam.
LIFTWELL
DIMENSIONS
• The landing door
openings should be
exactly one above the
other for proper
alignment with lift cars.
DESIGN CRITERIA & OPERATION
SYSTEMS
DESIGN OPERATION SYSTEMS
• Lift planning • Safety in electrical
• Lift arrangement installations
• Lift positioning • Proper signages
• Control through building • Type of service required-
management systems where hospital/basement/director
more than 3 lifts are provided. / car preferance
• Provisions in NBC eg. There
• Special controls like landing
shall not be any common wall
between lift well and water
call bypass/fire
tank. switch/service switches
ARRANGEMENT OF LIFTS
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Lift well
openings-
2000 mm in
clear height
and 700 mm
clear in
width(min)wh
en the gates
or doors are
fully
opened.(NBC)

Door openings single


>3’-6” for simultaneous loading/unloading slide center
<3’-6” for singular loading (24- opening
36”) (42-60”)
CONSTRUCTION OF LIFT WELLS
• 150 mm thk RCC shear walls or
30 mm brick walls with tie beams,
imperforate & non combustible.
• Vents at the top
• No projections on surface
• As per BIS codes
• Lift car enclosure/shaft
dimensions as per
nbc/manufacturer
IDEAL PERFORMANCE:

– MINIMUM WAITING TIME


– COMFORTABLE ACCELERATION
– RAPID TRANSPORTATION
– SMOOTH/RAPID SLOWING
– ACCURATE LEVELING
– RAPID LOADING/UNLOADING
– QUICK/QUIET DOOR OPERATION
– GOOD VISUAL TRAVEL DIRECTION/FLOOR INDICATORS
– EASILY OPERATED CONTROLS
– COMFORTABLE LIGHTING
– RELIABLE EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT
– SMOOTH/SAFE OPERATION OF MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
ESCALATOR APPLICATIONS
•COMMERCIAL AREAS
•RAILWAYSTATIONS
•AIRPORT TERMINALS
•OVERBRIDGES
•FOR SINGLE LEVEL
TRANSPORT
•CAN CARRY LARGE
NUMBERS
•DIFFICULT TO CARRY
LUGGAGE
ESCALATOR COMPONENTS
ARRANGEMENTS
Unidirectional ,uninterrupted • Particularly suitable for
small retail stores
• Only one side of
decorative truss side
cladding is required if
against wall
• Stairs required to
return to lower floor

Multi-level scissor arrangement (continuous


traffic flow)
ARRANGEMENTS
• Flow of traffic is restricted
• In retail installations,
passengers have to make
a short detour to the next
escalator; strategically
Interrupted, parallel, both directions
placed displays alongside
the route of this detour
can help to increase sales
by encouraging impulse
buying
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
• Speed: 0.5 and 0.65 m/s, up
to 0.9-1.0 m/s on deep
systems like subway
• Step widths: 600, 800 &
1000 mm; min. step or
• Tread length = 400 mm
• Inclination: usually at angle
30*
• 35* if rise < 6 m & speed <
0.5 m/s
• Boarding and alighting areas
• Safe boarding, 1.33 – 2.33
flat steps
ESCALATOR
CONSTRUCTION
LANDING PLATES AT LOWER & UPPER
LEVELS NEED SUPPORT
BROUGHT ASSEMBLED TO SITE
CLEARANCES TO BE PROVIDED IN
STRUCTURE AS PER DRAWINGS
SUSPENSION POINTS TO BE PROVIDED
LOWER LANDING
UPPER LANDING DETAIL

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