Visha Dravya

(Poisonous substances)
Introduction to Visha Dravya
 Types of visha

Maha Visha Up Visha

Ex : Ex :
Vatsanabh 1) Ahiphena
2)Bhanga
3)Datuara
4)Gunja
5)kupilu
 Up Visha
 Upavisha are the group of drugs, which are less toxic in nature and not so
lethal but produces certain toxic substances on consumption and
administration.
 The symptoms produced in the body due to upvisha are –
1. Less toxic
2. Less severe
3. Not life threatening
 Their toxicity can be controlled by therapeutic measures.
 Examples of Upvisha
1. Ahiphena
 Botanical name : papaver somniferum
 Family : papaveraceae
 Vernacular name :
English – Opium
Gujarati – Aphin
Hindi – postha
 Morphology : An erect, rarely branched annual herb, 70-
120 cm in height.
Flower: usually bluish white
Seed : Black or white
 Part used : seeds oil, flowers and fruits
 Rasa panchak :
Rasa : Tikta, Kashaya
Guna : Laghu, Ruksha
Virya : Ushna
Vipaka : katu
 Karma : Kaphahara , Nidrajanak , kasahara
 Chemical composition : Morphine, alkaloids, codamine
 Formulation :
Ahiphenasav
Karpur ras
Markandeya churna
 Dose : 40 – 120 mg
 2.Bhanga
 Botanical name : Canabis sativa
 Family : Cannabaceae
 Vernecular name :
English name: Indian hamp
Hindi name : charas , ganja
Tamil name : kalpam
Sanskrit name : Vijaya
 Synonyms :
Chapala , bhringa , Ananda
 Morphology :
It is an annual herb with erect stem .
It grows to 3 to 10 feet plant
Flower : small or unisexual , single ovary
Leaves : these are palmate with long petiole
 Part used :
Leaves and seed
Resin and flowers
 Rasa panchaka :
Rasa : Tikta
Guna : Laghu
Virya : Ushna
Vipaka : katu
 Karma :
Balances vata and kapha dosha
Increases pitta dosha
 Chemical composition :
Cannabine , Canabinol , Canabinoids
 Formulations :
Bhang leaf powder , ganja , charas
 Doses :
125 – 250 mg( bhang)
50 – 125 mg (ghanja)
 3.Datura

 Botanical name : Datura stramonium

 Family name : solanaceae
 Vernecular name :
English : Throne apple
Hindi : Sada datura
Tamil : Ummattangani
 Synonyms :
Kannak , shiva priya , matul ( having hallucinating
effect)
 Morphological :
Fruits are spherical in shape and have sharp spines .
Seed resemble with chilly seeds.
Flower solitary funnel , shaped and large
 Part used :
Seeds , flowers , roots barks , leaves
 Rasa panchaka :
Rasa : Tikta and katu
Guna : Laghu
Virya : Ushna
Vipaka : katu
 Karma :
Balances vata and kapha dosha
 Chemical composition :
Niacin , tropine , datura diol
 Formulation :
Visha garbha taila
Kanak sava
 Doses :
50 – 100 mg
Fatal dose :
75- 100 seed i.e. 0.6 – 1 gram
 4.Gunja
 Botanical name : Abrus precatorius
 Family : Fabaceae
 Vernecular name :
English : Crab’s eye
Hindi : Ratti
Telugu : Guruvinda
 Morphology :
This plant is native to Indonesia and grows in tropical
areas of the world. It has a tendency to become weed.
Roots and leaves are sweating taste, it is a 12000 meter
plant.
 Parts used :
Seed
Leaves
 Rasa panchaka :
Rasa : Tikta
Guna : laghu
virya : ushna
Vipaka : katu
 Karma :
Kapha vaat Ghana or tridosh Ghana
 Chemical composition :
Abrol , Alkaloids , abrasion , precool
Formulation :
Root and leaf powder
Seed powder

 Dosage :
1-3 gram
 5.kupilu
 Botanical name : strychnos nux vomica
 Family : loganiaceae
 Vernacular name :
English : Nux vomica
Gujrati : Jherkuchala
Hindi : kuchala
 Morphology : Evergreen glabrous tree , 12 – 16 metre
height
Flower : Greenish white , Born on terminal
Fruits : Large
Seeds : Big round like button , hard whittish in colour.
 Rasa Panchak :
Rasa : katu, Tikta
Guna : Laghu
Vipaka : Katu
Virya : ushna
 Karma : vata hara , depan , sotha hara
 Chemical composition : strychnine, Vomicine and Novacine
 Formulation : Agni tundivati , nava jeevan, Laxmi vilash rasa
 Doses :
Powder 60 – 250 mg
 Fatal dose : 1.5 – 3 gram
 Part used :
Seed and root bark