Practical Research 1

Vladimir Marc A. Batayan

AN INTRODUCTION TOWARDS
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
  What is research?

 What is qualitative research?

 What is quantitative research?

 Coined from the French word cerhier, which
means “seek”. The prefix “re” means to repeat.
Literally, RESEARCH is to repeat looking for
something.

 RESEARCH is a systematic process geared

towards working on exhaustive inquiry,
investigation or experimentation with the aim of
finding new facts (knowledge) in explaining the
problems associated with our day to day
relations with our environments (social, natural,
political, economics) and coming up with
solutions in facing them.
 Research is an area that is commonly
misunderstood, but an indispensable
component of academic and industry practices.

 Being a fully-pledged researcher doesn’t

happen overnight.
THE QUALITIES OF A GOOD
QUANTITATIVE INQUIRER
 Technical Competency

 Utility Competency

 Patience(intra and extra)

 Service

 Effort

 Guts and risk

 Care
PHILOSOPHICAL WORLDVIEWS IN
RESEARCH

 Researchers may be categorized based on their dominant

perception of the process, functions and benefits of research
studies.
CONSTRUCTIVIST

 Philosophy: “Individuals develop subjective meanings of their

experiences”

 Main concept: Researchers in this group believe that

experiences expressed through words can paint a better picture
of a certain phenomena.

 EX: Verbatim expression.

POSTPOSITIVIST

 Philosophy: “ We cannot be positive in our claims of knowledge

when studying behavior and actions of humans.”

 Main concept: Researchers in this category subscribes to the

idea that everything should be quantified to produce
meaningful concrete results.

 EX: Percentile ranking of students

TRANSFORMATIVE

 Philosophy: “Research inquiry should be intertwined with

politics and political change agenda.”

 Main concept: Researchers in this group supports the idea that

research should be conducted to increase quality of life and
produce better societies.

 EX: Waste segregation

PRAGMATIC

 Philosophy: “We need to look to many possibilities for collecting

and analysing data”

 Main concept: Researchers in this group promotes the use of

both approaches in expressing research findings

 EX: A presentation of percentage of smokers and as well as the

reasons for smoking.
THE RESEARCH PROCESS

 There is a series of steps on creating the

manuscript in research; to arrive at a good and
quality research paper.
Conceptualization Phase
Design Phase
Empirical Phase
Analytical Phase
Dissemination Phase
TERMINOLOGIES IN RESEARCH
Term Question Types

Historical (PAST)
Method What data will be gathered? Descriptive (PRESENT)
Experimental (FUTURE)

E.G. Survey, Interview,

Technique How data will be gathered?
Doodling

Quantitative, Qualitative or
Approach How data will be processed
Mixed method
DIFFERENT APPROACHES IN
RESEARCH

 Qualitative Research – an approach in which the

researchers would understanding the individuals or
groups ascribe to a social or human problem.
DIFFERENT APPROACHES IN
RESEARCH

 Quantitative Research – an approach for testing

objective theories by examining the relationship of
among variables.

 Mixed Approach – inquiry involving collecting both

quantitative and qualitative data, and integrating the
two form of data.
THE RESEARCH MANUSCRIPT

 This is the final written output of a research study. It is

the product of the research process in written or soft
copy form.

 The content and format of the research manuscript

should follow specific research content guideline and
format.
QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE
 “There’s no such as
qualitative data. Everything  “All research ultimately has a
is either 1 or 0” – Fred
qualitative grounding.” –
Kerlinger
 The aim is to classify Donald Campbell
features, count them, and
 The aim is a complete
construct statistical models
in an attempt to explain what detailed description.
is observed.

QUANTITATIVE VERSUS QUALITATIVE

QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE
 The researcher already
 Researcher may only know
knows what she/he looking
roughly in advance what
for.
she/he is looking for.
 All aspects of the study are
 The design emerges as the
carefully designed before
study unfolds.
data is collected.
 Researcher is the data-
 Researcher uses tools to
gathering instrument.
collect numerical data.

QUANTITATIVE VERSUS QUALITATIVE

QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE

 Data is in form of number  Data is in form of words,

and statistics. picture or object.
 Objective – seeks precise  Subjective – individual’s
measurement and analysis interpretation of event is
of target concepts. important.

QUANTITATIVE VERSUS QUALITATIVE

QUANTITATIVE
 Data is more efficient, able
to test hypothesis, but may
miss contextual detail.
 Researcher tend to remain
objectively separated from
the subject matter.
QUANTITATIVE VERSUS QUALITATIVE
QUALITATIVE
 Data is more rich, time
consuming and less able to
be generalized.
 Researcher tends to become
subjectively immersed in the
subject matter.
END OF LESSON 1