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GENERATION OF
ELECTRICITY
8.1 ELECTRICITY GENERATION
• Generation of electricity is
the process of converting
some form of energy into
electricity.
• 2 types of energy:
1. Non-renewable Energy:
energy resources cannot be
replaced once they are all
used up (coal, oil and
natural gas)
2. Renewable Energy:
energy resources can be
replaced (wind power, wave
power, hydroelectric power,
solar power).
Solar Panel:
Installed on roof and absorp
energy from the Sun to heat
up water
Solar Cell:
Converts light energy
directly into electrical
energy.
8.2 TRANSFORMERS
• Electricity is sent through the National Grid cables at 500 kV, 275 kV
and 132 kV.
• Function:
1. Allows distant power stations to be used
• Consumer unit contains main switch and fuses for all the
circuits.
1. power ring circuit
2. lighting circuit.
Neutral Wire
1. Blue
2. Allows currents to flow
from appliance back to
the mains
Live Wire
1. Brown
Fu s e 2. Allows currents from
1. Connected to the live
mains to be carried to
wire
the appliance.
2. When current
overloaded, fuse melts
and break the circuit.
ELECTRICAL ENERGY AND ELECTRICAL POWER
= 3 × 103 ÷ 5,000
= 0.6 A
EXAMPLE 4:
= 1150W
230V
= 5A
The best fuse to use in this example would be the 13A fuse.
The 3A and 5A fuses would blow even when the appliance was
working normally.
EXAMPLE 2:
Total Power
= 1200 W + 1000 W + 800 W + 400 W
= 3400 W
= 3400 W = 13.6 A
250 V
When the current exceed 13 A, the fuse melt thus break the
circuit.
All appliances cannot be used at the same time
8.7 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS IN THE USE OF
ELECTRICAL ENERGY
59
SOURCES OF ELECTRICAL ACCIDENTS
1. Electrical accidents may be caused by a short circuit,
overloading or negligence.
62
SAFETY DEVICES
63
8.8 CONSERVING ELECTRICAL ENERGY
Ways to conserve electrical energy:
1. Electrical energy should be used carefully and efficiently to
save fuel and to lower the cost of generation of electrical
energy.
64
65
THE NEED TO CONSERVE ENERGY
66
EARTHING AND DOUBLE INSULATION
69
DOUBLE INSULATION