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THE

NERVOUS
SYSTEM
The nervous system
- is a complex network of nerves and
cells that carry messages to and from the
brain and spinal cord to various parts of the
body.
• -Your nervous system connects all your
body parts and transmits signals
• from one part to another. It is a system of
cells, tissues, and organs that regulates
• the body’s responses to internal and
external stimuli.
It is a system of
Cells Tissue Organ
s s

that regulates the body’s


responses to internal and
external stimuli.
Major Divisions and Parts of the
Nervous System
1. Central Nervous System
(CNS)
The CNS serves as the main
processing center for the entire
nervous system.
It consists of two main
components:
a. Brain
a. Brain- is an organ located within the skull that functions as
organizer and distributor of information for the body.

It has three main parts:


 Cerebrum – large, upper part of the brain that controls
activity and
thought.
 Cerebellum – the part under the cerebrum that controls
posture,
balance, and coordination.
 Brain Stem – the part that connects the brain to the spinal
cord
and controls automatic functions such as breathing,
digestion, heart rate, and blood pressure.
b. Spinal Cord

- serves as a channel for signals


between the brain and the rest of the
body, and controls simple
musculoskeletal reflexes without input
from the brain.
2. Peripheral Nervous
System (PNS)
- The PNS connects the
central nervous system to the
organs and limbs.
It has two main divisions:
a.Somatic Nervous System
a. Somatic Nervous System
- This system is associated with
the voluntary control of body
movements and has two main parts:

Spinal Nerves – the nerves that


carry motor and sensory signals
between the spinal cord and the body.
Cranial Nerves – the nerve fibers
that carry information into and out
of the brain stem
b. Autonomic Nervous System
- This system is associated with
the involuntary control of body
movements and has two subdivisions:

Sympathetic - it is activated when


the body is in a dynamic role or
stress. (e.g., increased heart rate and
breathing, dilation of pupil, sweating,
etc.)
THE
NERVE CELL
The nerve cell

- Is the basic unit of the nervous system.


- Also called neurons which controls all types of
body activities
DENDRITE

CELL BODY

AXON
DENDRITE
- a highly branched,
generally tapering
extension of a nerve
cell that typically
receives signals from
other neurons and
transmits the signals
toward the cell body
Dendrites carry
DENDRITE impulses towards
the cell body. A cell
may have as many
as 200 dendrites
carrying impulses
toward the cell
body. A single
dendrite can be over
one meter long.
CELL BODY

The cell body, also called the soma, is


the spherical part of the neuron that
contains the nucleus. The cell body
connects to the dendrites, which bring
Axons carry impulses away from the cell
body. Axons pass impulses to the
dendrites of other neurons or cell body of
muscle cells. Axons can be grouped
together into cable-like bundles called
nerves.

AXON
Control of Body
Processes through
the Nervous
System
THE
NERVE IMPULSE
A nerve impulse is a combination of an
electrical charge and a chemical reaction.
A nerve impulse is not a flow of
electricity, but an electrochemical signal
moving along the nuetron.
A nerve impulse cannot jump from one
neuron to another.
When a nerve impulse comes to the end
of an axon, it produces the chemical,
called neurotransmitter, to be released.
The chemical crosses the space between
The space between neurons is called sy

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