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Clinical Characteristics
Microbiologic Factors
- Although several specific microorganisms are
detected in patients with LAP (A
actinomycetemcomitans (A. a.), Capnocytophaga sp.
Eikenella corrodens, Prevotella intermedia and
Campyiobacter rectus), A. a. is implicated as the primary
pathogen associated with this disease is based on the
following evidence:
1- High frequency of A. a. (approximately 90%) in
lesions characteristic of LAP.
2- Elevated levels of A. a. were showed in sites
with evidence of disease progression.
3- Elevated serum antibody titers to A.
actinomvcetemcomitans is showed in many
patients with LAP.
4- A correlation between reduction in the
subgingival load of A. a. during treatment and
a» successful clinical response.
5- A. a. produces a number of virulence factors
that may contribute to the disease process.
Immunologic Factors:
Some immune defects are implicated in the pathogenesis
of aggressive periodontitis.
The human leukocyte antigens (HLA), which regulate
immune responses, were evaluated as markers for
aggressive periodontitis. HLA-A9 and B15 antigens are
consistently associated with aggressive periodontitis.
Patients with aggressive periodontitis display functional
defects of PMNs which can impair either the chemotactic
attraction of PMN to the site of infection or their ability to
phagocytose and kill microorganisms.
Genetic Factors
- All individuals are not equally susceptible to
aggressive periodontitis. A familial pattern of
alveolar bone loss have implicated genetic factors
in aggressive periodontitis.
- Genetic predisposition for LAP suggest that a major
gene plays a role in this disease, which is
transmitted through an autosomal dominant mode
of inheritance.
Environmental Factors
- The amount and duration of smoking can influence
the extent of destruction seen in young adults.
TREATMENT OF AGGRESSIVE
PERIODONTITIS