m


12TH October, 2010 m


 
m


  Gourav Parekh

Mr. Alok Gupta  

39


Evening
September-October,


 

2010
NRO0278673
4:00pm-8:00pm
 m
 

þInternet Basics

þInternet Connections & Addressing

þInternet Services, Languages & World Wide Web

þE-Commerce

þElectronic Data Interchange

 I owe a great many thanks to a great many people who
help and supported me during the making of this project.
My deepest thanks to Mr. Alok Gupta, the Guide of the
project for guiding and correcting various documents of mine with
attention and care. He has taken pain to go through the project
and made necessary correction as and when needed.
I would also thank my Institution[ICAI] and my faculty
members without whom this project would have been a distant
reality.
u In simple words, we can denote it as
º m
u An international collection of computer
networks, networked together using a
common TCP/IP Protocol.
u COMPUTER HARDWARE
u TELEPHONE CONNECTION
u WEB BROWSER
u MODEM
u SERVICE PROVIDER
u    
   

Internet can be used to find information about
almost anything with the help of search engines such
as Google, Yahoo etc.
u @
  m 
A file can be put on a shared location for instant
access by colleagues, Mirror servers etc.
u 
 
Using Virtual Private Network (VPN) one can use a
remote desktop session to access his PC in the other
side of the world.
u Home User
u Educational Institution
u Commercial Concern
u Health Organisation
u Enterprise
u Chat room
u E-mail
u Online gaming
u ð 

E-mails, social websites etc. helps in
better communication.
u 

Internet is flooded with information from around
the world. And helps us in getting information about
almost anything.
u 



Games, music, movies and many more things
are available over internet.
u m!
Internet also provides us many services
such as online banking, job seeking, etc.
u "ð
It is a phenomenon associated with any of
shopping, almost anything.
u m

 #
   
 
Int rnet er f e gr e danger as t eir ersonal
infor ation can be accessed by ot er cul rits.
u m
 
m amming refers to sending unwanted e-mails in bul ,
which rovide no ur ose and needlessly obstructs the
entire system.
u - m 



ðom uters attached to internet are more rone to virus
attacks.
 m


 
m


Akshay Aggarwal
12 October 2010


 

m


 
NRO0275660
Mr. Alok Gupta


Sept.±Oct., 2010
4:00pm- 8:00pm
$
037
I. Analog / Dial up Connections:
Using a modem connected to your PC,
users connect to the internet when the
computer dials a phone number and connects
to the network. Dial up connection speeds
range from 2400 bps to 56 Kbps.

II. ISDN Connection:

Integrated Services Digital Network
(ISDN) Is an international communications
standard for sending voice, video and data
over digital telephone lines. ISDN speeds range
from 64kbps to 128kbps.
III. T 1 Lines Connection:
It is a dedicated phone connection
supporting data rates of 1.544mbps. It
consists of 24 individual channels each
supporting 64kbps.

IV. DSL Connection:

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) is also called
an always on connection because it uses 2
wire copper telephone line connected to the
premise and will not tie up your phone as Dial
up connection does.
u %&! '&(This is the last
part of the name. For e.g.
$ ð   )
*





.edu Post-secondary educational establishments
.gov Government entities
.info Informational sites, but unrestricted
.org Organizations not clearly falling within the
other gTLDs
u     This is the middle part of the
name and often the most important. It is specific
to the company/organization. E.g. Google,
yahoo etc.
u „
  This is the name of the server
within the company, usually service provided.
E.g. www, ftp, news, mail etc.
u 
 +m This is the method used for
the communication. It is usually a few letters
followed by a colon[:] and two forward slashes
[//]. For e.g. http:// (for web connections), ftp://
(for ftp connections).
· The Internet Protocol Suite is the set
communications protocols that implement
the protocol stack on which the internet
and most commercial networks run.
· The internet Protocol suite -like many
protocol suites ± can be viewed as a set of
layers.
 ð+ 
m ð&
m, 
Application Telnet, SMTP,
- Presentation POP3,
FTP, NNTP, .
& HTTP,
&

Session SNMP, DNS,

 SSH,« 

 Transport TCP, UDP 

Network IP, ICMP, ARP,
DHCP
Data Link Ethernet, PPP,
Physical ADSL
u   
'(
u " m!
u @%
u  
'(
u 

u ð

u / %
Π"
The world wide web is the fastest growing application of the Internet. It is a
system by which many servers are merged together via hypermedia or
hypertext. It is a component of Internet that provides access the large
amount of information located on many different servers.

Π" "

E-mail stands for Electronic mail. This is very important feature of Internet by
this feature we can transfer any message/data from one location to another
location.
Π@%"
Gopher is a system that pre-dates the WWW. Gopher is a web browser
which was used in past days.

Π 

"
FTP Is a network protocol used to transfer the data from one computer
to another through a network such as Internet.
Π
"
Telnet is a network protocol used on Internet or LAN connections. It is a
user command and underlying TCP/IP. Through Telnet an administrator or
other user can access somebody else¶s computer.

Œ ð
"

Chat program allow user -to communicate with each other by typing
through Internet.

Π/ % "

Newsgroup is a group which contains information on particular topic on

Internet. For e.g. comp.*, news.*, sci.* etc.
u Composing Message

u Reply/Forward of the mail received

u Address Book

u Printing of message

u Offline Editing/Composing/Reading the message

u Transfer of Data Files

u Greeting Cards
 u Interpersonal
u Group
u Organizational
u Mass
/ 0/ 
In simple term downloading means transferring the files from host
computer to your computer. Following are some downloading tools which
can help in downloading.

o Fresh Download
o Download Accelerator Plus
o Web cow
o Internet Download Manager
o Download Express
 m %


 


o Hypertext & Hyperlink

o Web Pages
o Web Sites
o Bookmarks
o Web Directory
o Uploading
o Languages of Internet Application
Examples of languages and tools are ± HTML, XHTML, DHTML, XML,
JavaScript, VBScript etc.
u WWW
u Computer
u ISP (Internet Service Provider)
u Cable
u Internet Connection
u Modem
 %
m

· ð



   
þ m
 
þ

 

ð   
   
þ O 
 
þ O
 
þ O  
þ O  

 
 The URL specify the Internet address of a file on the
host computer connected to the Internet. Every file on
Internet has a unique URL. Web Browsers use the URL
to retrieve the file from host computer.

Format of URL : protocol://host/path/filename

For example:-
http://www.house.gov/house/2004_House_Calender_html

Structure of URL
1. Protocol : http
2. Host computer name : www
3. Second level domain name : house
4. Top-level domain name : govt
5. Directory name : house
6. File name : 2004_House_Calender_html
 A web search engine is a search engine, designed to
search for information on the world wide web.
Information may consist of web pages, images, audio,
video and other type of files.

„ 

  

ΠWeb crawling
ΠIndexing
ΠSearching

 
    






þ Google, Yahoo! Search, Ask.com, MSN Search, Guruji.com,
Live Search etc.
ð 
 
Communication on the Internet can be online or offline.
Chatting is example of online & e-mail is example of
offline.






On the Internet, large number of database exist. In
these database we can retrieve any type of information
for e.g. business, sports, entertainment, etc.



 !  
Data publishing is a new opportunity by which we can
publish any information to specific address, that can be
displayed in special sites for e.g. advertisement via
Internet.
ðð @&
,m"ðð
1.COMMUNICATION, BUSINESS, SERVICE, ONLINE
2.USES IN COMMERCE
-BUYER¶S SIDE
-SELLER¶S SIDE
3.SALES CYCLE
1m  "ðð
u ELECTRONIC DATA EXCHANGE(EDE)
u ELECTRONIC FUND TRANSFER(EFT)
u VALUE-ADDED NETWORKS(VAN)
u INTERNET
u ONLINE TRANSACTION
u E-MARKET PLACE
- INTERACTION, BARGAINING,NEW
PRODUCTS AND SERVICES, DISPUTES
&
INFORMATIVE.
u ADVERTISING & ONLINE MARKETING
-ACTIVE/PUSH BASED ADVERTISING
-PASSIVE ADVERTISING.
u ROLE OF INTERMEDIARIES
-Ad Agencies
-Distribution Channels
u BASICALY, ONLINE PURCHASING IS A PROCESS
WHICH INCLUDES
WEBSITE DESIGNING STORE DATA SECURITY

MARKETING PRODUCT SELL PRODUCT

CONFIRM ORDERS ACCEPT RETURNS

u ðm,2mmð - ENTERTAINMENT

FINANCIAL SERVICES & INFORMATION etc.
u ð„ 2mmð " TRADITIONAL ³BRICK
AND MORTAR´ MODEL, WHOLESALERS, MIDDLE MEN ROLE IN
MANUFACTURER MODEL.
u ðmð " EXPERTS OPINION IN
KNOWLEDGE SITES, BROKERAGE CHARGED IN
TRANSACTIONS etc.
&ð ð 1
m1mm
GATEWAY

ACQUIRING
COMMERCE PROTOCO BANK
USER SERVER L

AUTHORIZATION
SETTLEMENT BANKING NETWORK

COMMUNICATION ISSUING
BANK
BETWEEN BANK
AND CUSTOMER
 m ð m„ 
 ELECTRONIC PAYMENT MECHANISMS

SECURED
JOINT
CREDIT ELECTRONIC ELECTRONIC
ELECTRONIC
CARDS TRANSACTION CHEQUES
TRANSACTION
(SET)

IT CONTAINS
TRANSACTIONS LIKE MASTER SAME FEATURES
IT HELPS TO
ARE CARD AND AS PAPER
STANDARDI E
PROCESSED BY VISA, SET IS A CHEQUES BUT IS
PAYMENT
PRESENTING COMBINATION SUPERIOR IN THE
NEGOTIATION
CREDIT CARD OF SENSE THAT IT
S BY CAN PROTECT US
NUMBER , PROTOCOLS
ENABLING AGAINST FRAUDS
ENCRYPTING IT DESIGNED
EB BRO ER BY HAVING
AND FOR USE BY
IN PAYMENT BANK¶S PUBLIC
VERIFICATION OTHER
PROTOCOLS. KEY FOR
IS DONE. APPLICATIONS
ENCODING.
  @
þ   : NETWORK IS BASICALLY A COLLECTION OF
COMPUTERS AND COMPUTING DEVICES THAT ALLOWS USERS TO
COMMUNICATE AND SHARE RESOURCES.

þ @ @
1. STEP 1: IDENTIFYING HARDWARE COMPONENTS-
DEVICES LIKE   ð ð  ' ð) HELPS IN
COMMUNICATING WITH COMPUTER. ð &m- HELPS IN ACTUAL
TRANSPORTATION OF DATA. OTHERS ARE ð"
& ð &m*
 m   ð &m*    ð ð &m$

2. STEP 2: IDENTIFYING THE SOFTWARE COMPONENTS-

,& " ,m   @ m1mm'm(" FOR GENERAL
COMMUNICATION BETWEEN COMPUTERS, SOFTWARES REQUIRES
ARE WINDOW NT ,LINUX, etc.
 ð m" THEY ARE LIST OF COMMANDS USED BY OS LIKE
NIC
ð&m- COMMUNICATION BETWEEN
THEY PROVIDES CERTAIN COMPUTERS
RULES AND SPECIFICATIONS
FOR
m3&„m
ðm
5$m ð&
4$ð+  THESE ARE CERTAIN
ALSO KNOWN AS INTERNET STANDARDS
PROTOCOL SUITES(IP¶S) FOR&
DATA
ð COMMUNICATION
  &&-
& ð   & 1
& 1
'*" &*&(
PRESENTATION LEVEL 6
TRANSPORTING LAYER
LAYER
(TCP, UDP)
SESSION LAYER LEVEL 5
NETWORK LAYER
(IP, ICMP, IGMP) TRANSPORT LEVEL 4

LINK LAYER NETWORK LEVEL 3

(Device Driver and Interface DATA LINK LAYER LEVEL 2
card) PHYSICAL LAYER LEVEL 1

3$ð&m
SET OF RULES AND REGULATIONS THAT GOVERNS DATA
TRANSMISSION. EXAMPLES ± FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL(FTP),
ADDRESS RESOLUTION PROTOCOL(ARP), INTERNETWORK
PROTOCOL, etc.
m„



 DEFINITION
The transfer of structured data for processing from
computer to computer using agreed formats,
protocols and wide area networking.

u EDI helps in electronic exchange of structured

business information ,in standard formats between
computers.
u EDI is the electronic transfer of structured business
documents in an organization internally among groups
of departments or externally with its supplies
,customers and subsidiaries.
 GORKING OF EDI
ONE TO MANY Supplier
Manufacture Supplier
Supplier
MANY TO MANY
Manufacture Supplier

Manufacture Third party Supplier

Manufacture Supplier

REQUIREMENTS
1. Exchange data in standard formats.
2. Each company adds EDI programs to its computer to translate
the company data into standard formats for transmission, and for
the reverse translation in the data it receives.
 RENEFITS OF EDI

No need of Information not Saves time &

paper based to be retyped money and
system for or printed if improves
transfer of transferred business
information through EDI cycle
? INTERNAL FORMAT FILE - It contains a single
document for a single trading firm.
2 EXTERNAL FORMAT FILE- It contains same data
as in internal format file but translated into
appropriate standard document format.
3 TRANSMISSION FILE ±It contains documents of
same type packed together into functional groups
which are again packed into interchange set.
 EDI COMPONENTS

? APPLICATION SERVICE
It facilitates sending documents to and receiving
documents from an EDI system .

Document File Server Internal

Format File
R



Business


Application Callable Routines

Management Interface
 2 TRANSLATION
SERVICE Internal File Server Transmission
format File
file
It converts the internal C TFB
format file into External
appropriate standard Internal
Format
format file. format Transmission
File
file File
T TFS

Management
C-Converter ,T ±translator
Interface
TFB-Transmission file builder,
TFS- Transmission file splitter
Transmission Transmission
File File Server File
3 COMMUNICATION cc
SERVICE
Transmission Gateway1 Transmission
File Gateway2 File
It sends and receives
transmission files to and Management Interface
from trading partners.
CC-Communication Controller
u EDI standards fall under Accredited Standard Committee
X12(ASCX12 ),1979 of American National Standards
Institute(ANSI) and UN/EDIFACT (EDI For
Administration, Commerce and Transport).Following are
the standards:-
u TRANSACTION SET STANDARDS - Define procedural
formats and data content requirements
u DATA DICTIONARY AND SEGMENT DICTIONARY -Define
precise content for data elements used in building
transaction sets
u TRANSACTION CONTROL STANDARDS - Define formats
for information required to control data interchange
m