NAME – MEGHA SAHU

CLASS – XII (SCI)

HOUSE - ZEUS
SUBMITTED TO – MAM POOJA
MOTIANI
TOPIC - EARTH AND
ECOSYSTEM
 WHAT IS AN ECOSYSTEM ?
• Ecosystem simply means
“ecological systems”.
• An ecosystem includes all of
the living things(plants,
animals and organisms) in a
given area interacting with
each other and also with their
non-living
environments(weather, earth,
sun, soil, climate, atmosphere).
 Types of an ecosystem

Terrestrial
Natural
Ecosystem Aquatic
Artificial
 Harms to our ecosystem by
human activities
• Pollution
• Acid rain
• Acidification of lake
• Deforestation
• Ozone depletion
• Chloro-flouro-carbons
• Population growth
• Global warming
Let’s get into the details
of one of the harm such
as “POLLUTION”
What is pollution ?
• Pollution occurs when something
that doesn’t naturally belong in
an ecosystem is forcibly
introduced into it.
• The foreign substance
introduced into the environment
which causes the pollution is
called ‘pollutant’.
• Pollution is mostly caused by
human actions but also caused
by natural disasters.
 What causes pollution ?
• Exhaust smoke coming out of our vehicles raise the
level of poisonous gases in the atmosphere.
• Farmers spray insecticides and pesticides on the
crops which sucks the fertility out of the soil.
• Industries releases lots of toxic waste such as
smoke into the air, contaminated by-products into
rivers and streams.
• Certain people in the slum areas wash clothes and
utensils near lakes and river which contaminate
the water bodies by detergents which acts as
nutrition for the growth of certain algae.
• Air conditioners and refrigerators release
certain gases called ‘Chloro-Flouro-Carbons’
into the atmosphere which are extremely
detrimental to the atmospheric shell of the
earth called the ‘ozone layer’.
• Low micron plastics used as carry bags and in
wrappers are near to indestructible and take
thousands of years to decompose.
 Effects of pollution
1. Global warming :
• Carbon dioxide released by exhausts of vehicles
and industries form a layer which prevents heat
from escaping the atmosphere.
• This causes an excessive amount of heat to
settle in the atmosphere causing a rise in the
temperature, this effect is also referred to as the
“Green House Effect”.
• Certain other poisonous gases such as carbon
monoxide, sulphur dioxide, methane also cause
this effect.
• Due to global warming a great amount of
temperature is caused in the atmosphere
 Effects of global warming
• The temperature at the polar
ice caps are increasing which
is causing the ice to melt and
raise the water level.
• A temperature rise in the
ocean is also causing
disruptions in the ocean
currents and temperature
distribution among the
continents which are leading
to the constant hurricanes
and tsunamis.
 Effects of pollution
2. Depletion of ozone layer :
• Ozone layer is the outermost layer of the earth’s
atmosphere and protects the earth from harmful Ultra
Violet Rays from the sun.
• These UV rays have high penetrating power and are
capable of causing cancer.
• CFCs( chloro-flouro-carbons ) react rapidly with the
ozone layer causing its depletion.
Effects of depletion of ozone layer
• Earth is more exposed to
harmful ultra violet rays and
solar flares.
• High exposure to ultra violet
rays causes genetic mutation
and degenerative diseases.
• A hole the sixe of Mexico has
been noticed to exist on the
ozone layer.
• If this continues to happen at
the current rate the ozone
layer will disappear leaving the
earth to become a lifeless
planet.
 What can be done ?
• Switching of vehicles during a long
halt.
• Reusing plastics instead of littering
them.
• Using air conditioners and
refrigerators that are CFC free.
• Prevent the use of detergents and
soaps in lakes and rivers.
• Recycle paper and packaging
materials.
 It is from the environment we
were raised, it gave us life. It is
the time for us to gave it back
what it has given us,
“a chance to live”.
Thank you