ANATOMY OF THE EYE

EYEBALL OR GLOBE
 eyeball, or globe, is not a true sphere
CORNEA
 Avascular
 • Transparent
– Homogenous arrangement of collagen fibrils
 – Relative deturgescence (78% water content)
 – Measures 9-11 mm V and 11-12 mm H
 – Prolate
• Steep center, flat peripheral (nasal>temporal)
 – Index of refraction 1.3375
 • Thicker peripherally (0.7-1mm) than centrally (0.5-
0.55mm)
Sclera
 Covers the posterior four- fifths of the surface of
the globe, with an anterior opening for the cornea
and a posterior opening for the optic nerve
Iris
 most anterior extension of the uveal tract
 made of blood vessels and connective tissue, in
addition to the melanocytes and pigment cells re-
sponsible for its distinctive color
 Mydriasis, the iris is pulled into numerous ridges
and fold; miosis, its anterior surface appears
relatively smooth.
Ciliary Body
 2 principal functions:

 (1) aqueous humor formation

 2) lens accommodation
Vitreous
 Transparent gel composed of water, collagen, and
hyaluronan
 Occupies 80% of the volume of the eye
Retina
 A thin, transparent structure that develops from the
inner and outer layers of the optic cup
 In cross section, from outer to inner retina, there
are 10 layers of the neurosensory retina
10 Layers of the Retina

 internal limiting membrane

 nerve fiber layer
 ganglion cell layer
 inner plexiform layer
 inner nuclear layer
 middle limiting membrane
 outer plexiform layer
 outer nuclear layer
 external limiting membrane
 rod and cone inner and outer segments
Retina
 Macula
 measures 5.5 mm in diameter and is centered between
the disc and the temporal vascular arcades.
Thank you.