PROVISIONS VIS-À-VIS PROVISIONS

CONFLICTING PROVISIONS: WHAT TO DO?

 First Step: RECONCILE with each other.

 One must first attempt to reconcile or harmonize the

statute with each other.

 The statute must be construed as a whole.

WHAT IF IT CANNOT BE RECONCILED?

 Second Step:

 Where there is in the same statute a

PARTICULAR and a GENERAL enactment
which in its most comprehensive sense would
include what is embraced in the former, then the
PARTICULAR must prevail.
WHAT IF THERE ARE TWO
POSSIBLE INTERPRETATIONS?
 Where the instrument is susceptible of two
interpretations, one which will make it invalid
and illegal, and another which will make it valid
and legal, the LATTER interpretation should be
adopted.