Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomy and Physiology
Overview Anatomy and Physiology
 Pathophysiology of Rectal Cancer
Predisposing Factors:
• Age (56% >70 yrs. Old)
• Colorectal Polyps
• Family History
• Previous Colorectal Cancer
• Ulcerative colitis/ colonic
• Chron’s Disease
Diagnostic test:
• Fecal occult blood
test
• Sigmoidoscopy
• Digital Rectum
Etiology:
Precipitating Factors:
Unknown
• Diet- high fat
• Smoking
• Alcohol drinks
• Lack of exercise
Abnormal proliferation of cells in • Patient broke her right leg
the colon area due to falling on the stairs.
Arising from epithelial lining of the Signs and Symptoms:
intestine • Rectal Bleeding
• Bloody stools
• Abdominal pain
• Fatigue
Benign polyps occur • Constipation
• Diarrhea
• Nausea and Vomiting
 Pathophysiology of Rectal Cancer
Benign polyps occur

If not treated
If treated

Continuous proliferation of cells in the polyps

Surgical Treatment:
• Colonoscopy
Increase in size of the polyps Exposure to carcinogens
• Virtual Colonoscopy
Development of Malignant Tumor

Uncontrolled proliferation of cells in the tumor

Increase in size

Colon Cancer
 Pathophysiology of Rectal Cancer
Colon Cancer

If treated If not treated

Surgical Treatment: Continue to increase size

• Colonoscopy
• Chemotherapy
Metastases of cancer cells in other
• Radiation
organs

Reduction likelihood of
Proliferation of cancer cells in that area
regrowth

Formation of new tumor

Complications Occur
PO