Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Tension
Drives
Search Behavior
Satisfied need
Reduction of
tension
Theories of Motivation
Higher- Order
Self Needs
Actualization
Esteem
Lower
Social
Order
Safety Needs
Physiological
McGregor Theory X and Theory Y
Theory X:
The assumption that employees dislike
work, are lazy, dislike responsibility and
must be coerced to perform.
Theory Y
The assumption that employees like work,
are creative, seek responsibility and can
exercise self direction
Assumptions of Theory X
Employee inherently dislike work and whenever
possible will attempt to avoid it
Since employees dislike work, they must be
coerced, controlled or threatened with
punishment to achieve goals
Employees will avoid responsibilities and seek
formal direction whenever possible.
Most workers place security above all factors
associated with work and will display little
ambition
Assumptions of Theory Y
Employees can view work as being natural as
rest or play
People will exercise self direction and self
control if they are committed to objectives
The average person can learn to accept, even
seek responsibility
The ability to make innovative decision is widely
dispersed throughout population and is not
necessarily the sole province of those in
Management position
Herzberg’s Motivation- Hygiene Theory
Achievement
Recognition
Work
Responsibility MOTIVATION
Advancement FACTORS
Growth
Company Policy & Admin
Supervision
Peers
Work Conditions
HYGIENE Salary
FACTORS
Personal Life
Subordinates
Status
Security
Welfare
Contrasting Views of Satisfaction and
Dissatisfaction
Traditional View
Satisfaction Dissatisfaction
Herzberg’s View
Satisfaction No Satisfaction
Dissatisfaction No Dissatisfaction
Contemporary
Theories of
Motivation
Alderfer’s ERG Theory
There are three groups of core needs: existence, relatedness
and growth
Existence group refers our basic existence requirement. It
includes the items that Malaw considered physiological and
safety needs.
Relatedness refers to the desire we have for maintaining
important interpersonal relationships. These social and status
desire require satisfactory interactions with others.
Growth needs are the intrinsic desire for personal
development and characteristics include self actualization
McClelland’s Theory of Needs
Reinforcement Theory
Equity Theory
Performance Dimensions
Ability
Performance
Motivation Opportunity
Integrating Contemporary Theories
s of Motivation
High
N Ach
Performance Equity
Evaluation Comparison
Ability Criteria
Opportunity
Objective
Dominant
Performance Reinforcement
Needs
Evaluation
System