Behavior of Gases

Charles’ LAW
REVIEW:
How can you describe the relationship of
volume and pressure of gases according
to Boyle’s Law?
The volume is inversely proportional to the
pressure.
As pressure increases, volume decrease and
vice-versa.
REVIEW:
What equation illustrates the
relationship of volume and pressure?

𝑉1 𝑃1 = 𝑉2 𝑃2
REVIEW:
What equation illustrates the
relationship of volume and pressure?

𝑉
𝑘=
𝑃
Properties of Gases
You can predict the behavior of gases
based on the following properties:
Pressure
Volume
Mass/ Amount (moles)
Temperature

Lets review each of these briefly…

 According to Boyle’s LAW, as pressure
increases, volume decreases.
Likewise, as pressure decreases volume
increases.
Volume
Volume is the three-dimensional space inside
the container holding the gas. The SI unit for
volume is the cubic meter, m3. A more common
and convenient unit is the liter, L.

Think of a 2-liter bottle of soda to

get an idea of how big a liter is.
(OK, how big two of them are…)
Temperature
Temperature is the measurement of heat…or how fast
the particles are moving. Gases, at room temperature,
have a lower boiling point than things that are liquid or
solid at the same temperature. Remember: Not all
substance freeze, melt or evaporate at the same
temperature.

Water will freeze at zero degrees Celsius.

However alcohol will not freeze at this
temperature.
Temperature
Always use absolute temperature (Kelvin)
when working with gases.
ºC
-273 0 100
K
0 273 373

When changing ℃ to Kelvin add 273.

OBJECTIVES:
The learners should be able to investigate
the relationship between:

•volume and remperature at constant

temperature of a gas;

•Understand the concept of Charles’ Law

ACTIVITY:
Hot and Cold Balloon
1. Observe carefully to the BALLOON
DEMONSTRATION.
2. An inflated balloon will be submerged into a
container with boiling water then to a
container with ice water.
3. Take notes/ Record your observation to the
changes that will happen to the balloon.
 What
happens
to the
balloon?

What do you think is the relationship between the

volume and temperature of gas?
 Charles’ Law
Jacques Charles
French Mathematician,
Physicist
Inventor
Beaugency, France
November 12, 1746– April 7, 1823

With Nicolas Robert, was the first to

ascend in a hydrogen balloon (1783).
About 1787 he developed charles’ law
concerning the thermal expansion of
gases.
 TEMPERATRE
Charles’ Law

VOLUME
• In his experiment, Jacques Charles trapped a sample of gas
in a cylinder with a movable piston in water bath at
different temperatures.
• Jacques Charles found out that different gases decreased
their volume by factors 1/273 per °C of cooling.

TEMPERATRE
• With this rate of reduction, if gas will be cooled up to -
273°C, it will have zero volume.

VOLUME
• Charles’ Law states that at constant pressure, the
volume of a fixed amount Jacques Charles of gas is
directly proportional to the Kelvin (K)
temperature.
Charles’ Law
In Charles’ Law,
•the Kelvin temperature
of a gas is directly
related to the volume.
•P and k are constant.
•when the temperature of
a gas increases, its
volume increases.
 Charles ’ Law
The law says that at constant
pressure, the volume of a fixed
number of particles of gas is
directly proportional to the
absolute (Kelvin) temperature,
mathematically expressed as:

V = kT
Charles Law:

𝑽 = 𝒌𝑻
𝑽
𝒌 = The VOLUME of gas is directly
𝑻 proportional to the TEMPERATURE.
Derivation of the Equation
CHARLES’ Law:
𝑽𝟏 𝑽𝟐
𝒌 = , 𝒌 =
𝑻𝟏 𝑻𝟐
𝑽 = 𝒌𝑻 at constant (k)
Therefore,
𝑽 𝑽𝟏 𝑽𝟐
𝒌 = =
𝑻 𝑻𝟏 𝑻𝟐
 Simply,

Charles’ Law:

𝑽𝟏 𝑽𝟐
=
𝑻𝟏 𝑻𝟐
 Calculation with Charles’ Law
EXAMPLE:

An inflated balloon with a volume of 0.75 L at

30°C was placed inside the freezer where the
temperature is -10°C.
Find out what will happen to the volume of the
balloon if the pressure remains constant.
Support your answer with computation.
 In analyzing the problem, it is important that
you categorize the initial and final conditions
of the variables:
GIVEN:
Volume 1= 0.75 Liters What happened to
the temperature?
Temperature 1 = 30℃
What do you expect
Volume 2: ? to happen to the
Temperature 2: -10 ℃ volume of gas?
V1 = 0.75 L V2 = ?
T1= 30℃ T2 = -10 ℃
T1= 30℃ + 273= 303K T2= -𝟏𝟎℃+ 273= 263K
𝑉1 𝑉2
= 𝑉2 303K = 0.75L 263 K
𝑇1 𝑇2
0.75 𝐿 𝑉2 𝑉2 303K = 197.25
=
303 𝐾 263 𝐾 𝑉2 303K 197.25 𝐿𝐾
=
0.75 𝐿 𝑉2 303K 303K
=
303 𝐾 263 𝐾 𝑽𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟓 𝑳
 Calculation with Charles’ Law
EXAMPLE:

A balloon has a volume of 0.78 L at 21°C. What

could be the temperature (in Kelvin) later on
when the volume of the balloon becomes 1. 12 L?
(P constant)?
A balloon has a volume of 0.78 L at 21°C. What
could be the temperature (in Kelvin) later on
when the volume of the balloon becomes 1.12 L?

GIVEN: What happened to

Volume 1= 0.78 Liters the new volume?
Temperature 1 = 2𝟏℃
What do you expect
Volume 2: 1.12 L to happen to the
Temperature 2: ? temperature of gas?
V1 = 0.78 L V2 = 1.12 L
T1= 2𝟏℃ T2 = ? K
T1= 2𝟏℃ + 273= 294K T2= ?
𝑉1 𝑉2
= 0.78 𝐿 𝑇2 = 1.12 𝐿 294 𝐾
𝑇1 𝑇2
0.78 𝐿 1.12 𝐿 0.78 𝐿 𝑇2 = 329.28 𝐿𝐾
=
294 𝐾 𝑇2 0.78 𝐿 𝑇2 329.28 𝐿𝐾
=
0.78 𝐿 1.12 𝐿 0.78 𝐿 0.78 𝐿
=
294 𝐾 𝑇2 𝑻𝟐 = 𝟒𝟐𝟐 𝑲
Learning Check
1. If I have a dented ping pong ball, to which
water will I submerged the ball for it to remove
its dent and go back to its original shape?
A. cold water
B. hot water
C. tap water

26
Learning Check
Use the gas laws to complete sentence with
increases or decreases
1. Pressure _______, when V decreases.
2. When T decreases, V _______.
3. Pressure _______ when V changes from 12 L to 24 L
4. Volume _______when T changes from 15 °C to 45°C
27
Relationship of
Boyle’s Law and
Charles’ Law
Pressuree in kilograms per square centimeter

Temperature in kelvins
 Practical
Applications
 Hot AIR Balloon
The hot air that gives the hot-air
balloon its name is commonly
created by a propane gas burner
that sends powerful jets of flame
into the colorful rip-stop nylon
envelope. Once the balloon is aloft,
its height is maintained by opening
and closing the blast valve, which
controls the flow of the gas to the
burner.
EVALUATE
• : Use Charles’ Law to solve the following problems.
1. A sample of oxygen gas has a volume of 0.42 L at a
temperature of 18°C. At what temperature (in K)
will the volume of the oxygen be 0.64 L (P and n
constant)?
2. A helium-filled balloon has a volume of 2.75 L at 20
degrees Celsius. What is the volume of the balloon if
the outside temperature is 17 degrees Celsius
(express T in Kelvin)?
Assignment: Solve this.