SMOKING HEALTH BIOMONITORING BASED

ON SALIVA ACIDITY, BANTUR, MALANG

DISTRICT

By:
Gufron Alifi (160342606296)
GHK
Introduction
Cigarette is one of the causes of many things that interfere with human health.

Based on WHO 2013 data, 6 million people die each year from smoking, of which 83%
are active smokers. 80% of active smokers from all over the world come from countries
with low economies, including Indonesia

Data Tobacco Atlas 2015 menunjukkan bahwa indonesia berada pada peringkat ke-
6 berkatian dengan prevalensi konsumsi rokok terbanyak pada usia ≥ 18 tahun sejak
tahun 2008-2013 berturut-urut sebesar 50%, 83%, 79% (WLF, 2015).

According to the Basic Health Research survey data (RISKESDAS) in 2013, the number of
smokers in Indonesia aged ≥ 15 years was 36.3% when compared to the previous
survey, the numbers obtained from RISKESDAS continued to rise, namely in 2010 which
was 34.7% and in 2007 it was 34.2% (RISKESDAS, 2013)

This study aims to identify the salivary pH of people who smoke as biomonitoring,
which measures the health of the smoker and the extent to which this cigarette
affects the smoker.
Problem Formulation

What is the salivary pH level of kretek smokers?

What is the non-clove cigarette smoker's

salivary pH level?

Is there a difference between the salivary pH

levels of kretek smokers and non-kretek
cigarettes?
 LITERATURE REVIEW
HBM (Human Biomonitoring) and Saliva

Saliva Functions

Acidity Saliva

Factors affecting Acidity of saliva

Cigarettes Devinition

Type of Cigarette

Effect of Cigarettes on Saliva

Effect of Cigarettes on Saliva pH

METHOD
Time and Place
This research will be conducted from October
to November 2018 and the place for measuring
pH samples is in the biology laboratory, O6
building, Universitas Negeri Malang
Population, Sampling and Tenik sampling
The population of this study is the community
of Bantur Village, Malang Regency.The
sampling used was 30 people of Tunjungsari
Hamlet and the sampling technique was
purposive sampling
Tools and Materials
The tools used during the study were drop
pipettes, stopwatches, drops plates, while the
materials used were saliva, universal pH
indicator paper and plastic clips.
Research Design
This study was conducted by comparing 2 case groups, namely
kretek smokers and non-cretek smokers with a sample size of
1: 1. Samples were taken from 25 cretek smokers, while 25
non-clove cigarette smokers were male. Of the 50 people, the
average 24-year-old with the youngest age is 21 years and the
oldest is 30 years old. This study used an observational analytic
study design. The sampling technique is a cross section in total
sampling.
Procedure
The first step taken was to take samples of 25 kretek smokers
and 25 non-kretek smokers in Bantur District, Malang Regency.
Saliva is inserted into the plastic clip, then test the sample with
pH paper. Universal indicator to find out the pH of saliva.
Data Analysis Techniques
1. Objective 1 was measured using a universal pH indicator.
2. Objective 2 is measured using a universal pH indicator.
3 .Objective 3 was analyzed by the unpaired T Test if the data
were normally distributed, and the Mann-Whitney test if the
data were not normally distributed. .
Figure 2. Map of Bantur District,
Malang Regency
 RESULTS
Characteristics of Samples Descriptive Statistics

Normality Test Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test


DISCUSSION
The results of data processing revealed that the
Mean value of the two research variables, namely the
salivary pH of the kretek smoker was below neutral
pH of 6.3 or acidic and the non-clove cigarette
smoker's pH was above neutral pH of 6.2 or acidic
pH.The mean salivary pH of kretek and non-clove
cigarettes is lower than neutral pH or acid.This shows
that smoking cigarettes both kretek and non-cretek
causes a decrease in salivary pH.From the results of
normality test data using the Kolmogorov-smirnov
test, it was found that the value of the salivary pH of
kretek smokers was 0.002 and the salivary pH of non-
clove cigarettes was 0.031 with a value of α <0.05.
smaller than 0.05.
The Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test used is the Mann
Whitney test .The Mann Whitney test was used as
an alternative to the Independent T-test .Asym
value p.Sig (2-tailed) is worth 0.778 .Karen a value
Asymp.Sig (2-tailed) greater than 0.05, it was found
that there was no significant difference between
the salivary pH of kretek smokers and the salivary
pH of non-clove cigarettes .These results are
consistent with Singh's (2015) study in India of 35
smokers as research subjects who showed that the
average salivary acidity (pH) in smokers was below
normal with an average of 6.30 ± 0.36.
But this result is not in accordance with Arta (2014)
study in Denpasar conducted on 20 white smokers
and 20 kretek smokers where saliva pH in kretek
smokers was lower than white smokers, with average
salivary acidity (pH) in smokers kretek 6.30 ± 0.26
while in white smokers with an average of 6.56 ±
0.25.7.
Conclusion

1. The saliva acidity of the kretek smoker is 6.3 which

shows below neutral (7) or acidic.

2. Non-kretek smoker's pH of 6.2 indicates below neutral

(7) or acidic.

3. There is not significant difference between the salivary

pH of kretek smokers and non-clove cigarettes.
Thanks you forever