A PROJECT REPORT ON

DENGUE FEVER
Submitted in partial fulfillment of award of
BACHELOR OF PHARMACY

Presented By Supervised By
Mohd Jeeshan SHEKHAR SINGH
(B.Pharm,VIIIsem) (Asst. Professor)

TEERTHANKER MAHAVEER COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

TEERTHANKER MAHAVEER UNIVERSITY
MORADABAD (U.P.), INDIA
SESSION=2017-18
 INTRODUCTION

Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne tropical disease caused by the

dengue virus. Symptoms typically begin three to fourteen days after
infection. This may include a high fever, headache, vomiting, muscle
and joint pains, and a characteristic skin rash. Recovery generally
takes two to seven days. In a small proportion of cases, the disease
develops into the life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever, resulting
in bleeding, low levels of blood platelets and blood plasma leakage, or
into dengue shock syndrome, where dangerously low blood pressure
occurs.
 symptoms

Skin rash
 LABORATORY ANALYSIS
 experimental laboratory tests
 WBC, Platelets, Hematocrit.
 Albumin.
 Liver function experiment.
 Urine—check for the microscopic
Haematuria.
 Dengue-specific tests
 Viral separation.
 Serology.
 Antigen: NSI.
 Dengue fever

 Dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever

(DHF) are viral diseases transmitted by Aedes
mosquitoes, usually Aedes aegypti.

 There are four types of this virus (serotypes 1 to

4) and are closely related to one another.

 Recovery from infection by one provides life long

immunity against that serotype but confers only
partial and transient protection against
subsequent infection by the other three.

 There is good evidence that sequential infection

increases the risk of more serious disease
resulting in DHF.
 DENGUE VIRUS INFECTION

Asymptomatic Symptomatic

Dengue
Haemorrhagic fever
Undiffrentiated fever Dengue fever
(viral syndrome) (syndrome)
(Plasma
Dengue Fever leakage)

Dengue Shock
Syndrome (DSS)
No Shock
Dengue
Haemorrhagic fever
 CLASSICAL DENGUE FEVER

 Reservoir both man and mosquito

The mosquito becomes infective by feeding on the

patient from the day before onset to the 5th day of
illness.

After an extrinsic incubation period of 8-10 days the

mosquito becomes infective and is able to transmit
infection.

The illness is characterized by an incubation period

of 3-10 days.

1. Onset is sudden with chills and high fever.

Temperature rises quickly as high as 104° F (40° C),
with relative bradycardia and hypotension.
 Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever
Dengue hemorrhagic fever is a more severe form of the viral
illness. Caused by more than one dengue viruses. It is due to
double infection with dengue virus. The first infection sensitizes
the patient and the second appears to produce immunological
catastrophe.

Manifestations include:

 Headache, high fever (continuous and lasting 2-7 days)

 Rash, andevidence of hemorrhage in the body (Petechiae)
 Bleeding in the nose or gums,
 Black stools, or easy bruising are all possible signs of
hemorrhage.
 This form of dengue fever can be life-threatening or even fatal.
 Treatment

Because dengue is caused by a virus, there is no specific

medicine or antibiotic to treat it.
For typical dengue, the treatment is purely concerned with
relief of the symptoms (symptomatic).
Rest and fluid intake for adequate hydration is important.
Here is no definite treatment for classic dengue fever, and
most people recover in 2 weeks. Tell enduring to drink
plenty of fluids and get abundance of rest.
Tell patient to take antipyretics to control their high
temperature. kids with dengue are at risk for febrile seizure
during the feverish phase of illness.
 Medicinal Plant used in Dengue Fever
1.Papaya leaf juice:-
while some say that a remedy like this is just a hoax, but
there may be some reality after all. A lot of research
papers and studies have demonstrated that papaya leaf
juice is extremely beneficial and is one of the best home
remedies for dengue treatment. Hence once you are
sure about the signs, try this remedy immediately.
Step 1: Take a fresh papaya leaf and cut it into slices. Ensure that you
remove the veins.
Steps 2: Mix the leaves with 10 ml of cold water.
Steps3: Ground the mixture and filter it.
Steps4: Strain it and drink the juice four times a day.
2.OCIMUM SANCTUM
Ocimum sanctum belongs to family Labiates. It is an
aromatic herb and shrub native to the tropical
regions of Asia and the America. Tea, which is
usually prepared by using Ocimum sanctum boiled
vegetation, acts as a defensive medicament against
DF . The MNTD of methanolic extract of O.
sanctum against Vero E6 cells in vitro was
investigating. However, no notable difference in
MNTD for O. sanctum was recorded. The methanolic
remove of O. sanctum showed a slight inhibitory
effect on DENV-1 based on cytopathic special
effects.
3.Chondrus Crispus:-
 Chondrus crispus commonly called as carrageen
moss is a species of red algae. It is abundant in
rocky shore sand tide pools of Ireland and coast of
Europe. Chondruscrispus, consisting polysaccharide
carrageen as active constituent. Carrageenans are
effective in treatment Against viral infections of
common cold. Talarico et al has reported that
carrageen and other sulfate polysaccharides were
effectively inhibited the dengue virus 2 infection
where they were inhibiting virus entry.
 Immunization

 Vaccine development for dengue and DHF is difficult

because any of four different viruses may cause disease.

• Nonetheless, progress is being made in the development

of vaccines that may protect against all four dengue
viruses. Such products may become available for public
health use within several years.
 Prevention

 The application of appropriate insecticides to larval

habitats.

 During outbreaks, emergency control measures may also

include the application of insecticides as:

 space sprays to kill adult mosquitoes using portable or

truck-mounted machines or even aircraft.

 However, the killing effect is only transient, variable in its

effectiveness because the aerosol droplets may not
penetrate indoors to microhabitats where adult
mosquitoes are hiding.
 Dengue Prevention Checklist

 To prevent the spread of dengue fever, we must

first prevent the breeding of its vector, the Aedes
mosquitoes.

 The Aedes mosquito is easily identifiable by its

distinctive black and white stripes on their body.
It prefers to breed in clean, stagnant water easily
found in our homes.

 We can get rid of the Aedes mosquito by

frequently checking and removing stagnant water
in our premises.
 CHECKLIST
At all times

Turn pails and watering cans over and store them

under shelter.
Remove water in plant pot plates. Clean and
scrub the plate thoroughly to remove
mosquito eggs. Avoid the use of plant pot
plates, if possible.
 Cover rarely used gully traps. Replace the gully trap
with non-perforated ones and install anti-mosquito
valves.
No tray or receptacles should be placed beneath and or/ on
top of any air-conditioning unit so as not to create a
condition favourable for mosquito breeding.

Every other day

Change water in flower vases. Clean and scrub the inner

sides of vases. Wash roots of flowers and plants
thoroughly as mosquito eggs can stick to them easily.
 CONCLUSION
These finding supports the claim that the juice consumption during the
course of dengue infection has the potential to induce the rapid
production of platelets . This was clearly demonstrated by the significant
increase in the mean platelets count after 40 hours and 48 hours of juice
consumption.
Dengue is now a global threat and is endemic or epidermis in all most
every country located in the tropic .While we wait for new tools such as
vaccines ,antiviral drug and improved diagnostics , better use should be
made of the intervention that are currently available.