8051 2

PIN Diagram of 8051 Microcontroller
Each of these pins can

be configured as an
input or an output.
 A logic one on this pin

disables the MC and
clears the contents of
most registers.
 In other words, the

positive voltage on this
pin resets the
microcontroller.
 By applying logic zero

to this pin, the program
starts execution from
the beginning.
 Similar to port 1, each

of these pins can
serve as general input
or output.
 Besides, all of them

have alternative
functions
Serial asynchronous
communication input
or Serial synchronous
communication
output
Serial asynchronous
communication output
or Serial synchronous
communication clock
output
External
Interrupt
0 input
External
Interrupt
1 input
Counter
0 clock
input
Counter
1 clock
input
Write to
external
(additional)
RAM
Read from
external
(additional)
RAM
 Internal oscillator input

and output.
 A quartz crystal which

specifies operating
frequency is usually
connected to these
pins.
Ground
 If there is no intention to
use external memory then
these port pins are
configured as general
inputs/outputs.
 In case external memory is

used, the higher address
byte, i.e. addresses A8-A15
will appear on this port.
 Even though memory with

capacity of 64Kb is not
used, which means that not
all eight port bits are used
for its addressing, the rest
of them are not available as
inputs/outputs.
If external ROM is
used for storing
program then a logic
zero (0) appears on it
every time the
microcontroller reads
a byte from memory
 Prior to reading from

external memory, the
microcontroller puts the
lower address byte (A0-A7)
on P0 and activates the ALE
output.
 After receiving signal from

the ALE pin, the external
latch latches the state of P0
and uses it as a memory chip
address.
 Immediately after that, the

ALE pin is returned its
previous logic state and P0
is now used as a Data Bus.
 By applying logic zero to

this pin, P2 and P3 are used
for data and address
transmission with no regard
to whether there is internal
memory or not.
 It means that even there is

a program written to the
microcontroller, it will not
be executed.
 Instead, the program

written to external ROM
will be executed.
 By applying logic one to the

EA pin, the MC will use both
memories, first internal
then external (if exists).
 Similar to P2, if
external memory is
not used, these pins
can be used as
general
inputs/outputs.
 Otherwise, P0 is
configured as address
output (A0-A7) when
the ALE pin is driven
high (1) or as data
output (Data Bus)
when the ALE pin is
driven
low (0).
Addressing Modes of 8051 Microcontroller
Various methods of accessing the data are called
addressing modes.
8051 addressing modes are classified as follows.
1. Immediate addressing.
2. Register addressing.
3. Direct addressing.
4. Indirect addressing.
5. Relative addressing.
6. Absolute addressing.
7. Long addressing.
8. Indexed addressing.
9. Bit inherent addressing.
10. Bit direct addressing.
 Immediate addressing:
In this addressing mode the data is provided as a
part of instruction itself. In other words data
immediately follows the instruction.
MOV A, #30H
ADD A, #83
 Register addressing:
In this addressing mode the register will hold the data. One of
the eight general registers
(R0 to R7) can be used and specified as the operand.
MOV A, R0
ADD A, R6
R0 – R7 will be selected from the current selection of register

bank. The default register bank will be bank 0.
 Direct addressing:
There are two ways to access the internal memory. Using direct
address and indirect address. Using direct addressing mode we can
not only address the internal memory but SFRs also. In direct
addressing, an 8 bit internal data memory address is specified as
part of the instruction and hence, it can specify the address only in
the range of 00H to FFH. In this addressing mode, data is obtained
directly from the memory.
MOV A, 60H
ADD A, 30H
 Indirect addressing:
The indirect addressing mode uses a register to hold the actual
address that will be used in data movement. Registers R0 and R1
and DPTR are the only registers that can be used as data pointers.
Indirect addressing cannot be used to refer to SFR registers. Both
R0 and R1 can hold 8 bit address and DPTR can hold 16 bit address.
MOV A, @R0
ADD A, @R1
MOVX A, @DPTR
 Indexed addressing :
In indexed addressing, either the program counter (PC), or the data
pointer (DTPR)—is used to hold the base address, and the A is used
to hold the offset address. Adding the value of the base address to
the value of the offset address forms the effective address. Indexed
addressing is used with JMP or MOVC instructions. Look up tables
are easily implemented with the help of index addressing.
MOVC A, @A+DPTR
MOVC A, @A+PC

8051 2

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PIN Diagram of 8051 Microcontroller

PIN Diagram of 8051 Microcontroller

Each of these pins can

 A logic one on this pin

 In other words, the

 By applying logic zero

 Similar to port 1, each

 Besides, all of them

 Internal oscillator input

 A quartz crystal which

 In case external memory is

 Even though memory with

 Prior to reading from

 After receiving signal from

 Immediately after that, the

 By applying logic zero to

 It means that even there is

 Instead, the program

 By applying logic one to the

8051 addressing modes are classified as follows.

R0 – R7 will be selected from the current selection of register

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