ELECTRICAL SAFETY

PREPARED BY ENGR. KEILLA MARIE R.

LEOPANDO
 MYTHS & MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT
ELECTRICITY
1. Electricity takes the path of least resistance
2. Electricity wants to go to ground
3. When an electrical tool or appliance falls into
water, it does not short out.
4. It takes high voltage to kill; 120 Volts AC is not
dangerous
5. Double-insulated power tools are doubly safe
and can be used in wet and damp locations

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 DEFINITION OF TERMS
1. Electricity- it is composed of the simplest form of matter,
the electron. Electrons spin around the nucleus of an
atom and are easily broken away and when sent to a
circuit, we have an electrical system
2. Current-flow of electron in a conductor
a. Alternating Current-Oscillating electrical waves that
appear to reverse direction at a regular rate
b. Direct Current-Current that flows in one direction
3. Voltage-measured in volts
4. Resistance-any condition that retards current flow; it is
measured in ohms.
5. Volt-unit of potential difference or Electromotive force
6. Ampere-unit of electrical current
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 DEFINITION OF TERMS
7. Ohm-unit of resistance or opposition to current flow
8. Insulator-a material having few free electrons that can
move easily
Example: Rubber, Porcelain, Dry Wood
9. Conductor-a material having many free electrons that can
move easily
Example: Metal, Copper
10. Ground-completes the electrical circuit and prevents the
hazard of electrical shock by connecting a piece of electrical
equipment to the earth or other adequate substitute
11. Bonding-assures electrical continuity by the joining of
metallic parts to form an electrically conductive part
12. Watt-total quantity of electricity consumed.
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 ELECTRICAL HAZARDS

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 ELECTRICAL SHOCK
A. Severity of shock is determined by:
1. The quantity of current flowing through the body
2. The path of the current flowing through the body
3. The length of time body in contact
4. Physical Condition of the victim

B. Factors Enhancing Electrical Shock

1. Poor workplace illumination
2. Color blindness
3. Lack of safety training and knowledge of electricity
4. No safe work procedures
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 EFFECTS OF ELECTRICAL SHOCK

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 HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS ( CLASSES)

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 HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS (DIVISIONS)
1. Division I. Locations are designated as such because a
flammable gas, vapors, dusts or easily ignitable material is
normally presents in hazardous quantities.
2. Division II. Locations, the existence of hazardous quantities
of these materials is not normal, but they occasionally exist
either accidentally or when material in storage is handled.

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 ELECTRICAL INSPECTION
GUIDELINES
1. Service Entrance Panel-circuit ID,
secure mounting, knockouts
connectors, clearances, live
parts, etc.
2. System Grounding-secure
connections, corrosion, access,
protection, proper size
3. Wiring-splices, J-box covers,
insulation, knockouts, fittings
4. Machinery-grounding, wiring size,
installation, protection
5. Small Power Tools-attachment
plugs, cord, cord clamps,
leakage, grounding
6. Receptacles-proper polarity,
adequate number, mounting,
covers, adapters 10
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 ELECTRICAL INSPECTION
GUIDELINES
7.Lighting-grounding, connections,
attachment plugs and cords, cord
clamp, live parts.
8. Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters
(GFCI) Protection-wet locations,
fountains, outdoor circuits, testing
9. Switches-labeled or marked,
covered as needed
10. Extension Cords- condition, plugs,
receptacles, GFCI
11. Protectors-fuses, circuit breakers,
link fuses.

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 CONTROL OF ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
1. Grounding means protection
2. Insulation
3. Fuse or Circuit Breaker
4. Lock and Tag-out ( LOTO)
5. Maintenance of Equipment
6. Protective devices
a. Link Fuses- a strip of fusible metal that links two terminals of a fuse block. If not
enclosed, it may scatter metal when it blows.
b. Plug Fuses-are used in circuits that do not exceed 30 amps at not more than 150
volts to ground. In plug fuses, the fusible metal is completely enclosed.
c. Cartridge Fuses has a fusible metal strip enclosed in a tube
d. Circuit breakers-The magnetic circuit breaker operated on the basis of the amount
of current passing through the circuit
e. GFCI-is a fast acting device that monitors the current flow to protect load. It can
sense any leakage current returning to the power supply by any electrical loop other
than through the white (hot) and the black( grounded) conductors.

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 EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS
1.Intrinsically Safe. Intrinsically safe equipment cannot
release sufficient electrical or thermal energy under
normal or abnormal conditions to ignite specific
flammable or combustible materials present in that
location.

2. Explosion Proof. Equipment installed in Class I

locations must be approved as explosion proof. This
minimizes the risk of explosion that occurs when a
flammable gas enters the enclosure and is ignited by the
arcs

3. Dust-ignition Proof. In Class III locations, dust ignition

proof is designed to keep ignitable amount of dust from
entering the enclosure
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 TOP 10 MOST FREQUENTLY CITED
VIOLATIONS ( YEAR 2017)

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 WHAT TO DO IN AN ELECTRICAL
EMERGENCY?
1. Electrical Shock. Perform First aid/CPR immediately to
restore breathing and get a medical help immediately
2. Electrical Fire. Don't use water or touch the burning object
3. Keep your distance from power lines. Let the utility company
know before you do any job near a power line. Keep as far
from the lines as possible. No closer than 10 feet for a
ladder. Use insulated equipment and nothing metal
including ladders and stay away from fallen power lines
4. Work areas with flammable liquids, vapors or dust; need
special care. Make sure your electrical equipment is
identified as safe for use around these materials. You also
want to be sure it doesn’t spark or get hot enough to ignite
flammable substance
5. Be Alert. Electrical Safety is your responsibility too. Make
these practices part of your regular work routine. Use
Personal Protective Equipment such as Safety Goggles,
Gloves, and Boots.
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