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    This document discusses the rise of European colonialism and imperialism after 1848. Key factors that contributed to further colonial expansion in this period included the demands of industrialization for new markets and raw materials, developments in science and technology, and the growing influence of social Darwinism and notions of European racial and cultural superiority. Major European powers carved up Africa and expanded their colonial holdings in Asia in this era of "New Imperialism" between 1890 and 1914, often facing resistance from existing rulers and nationalist movements.

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    This document discusses the rise of European colonialism and imperialism after 1848. Key factors that contributed to further colonial expansion in this period included the demands of industrialization for new markets and raw materials, developments in science and technology, and the growing influence of social Darwinism and notions of European racial and cultural superiority. Major European powers carved up Africa and expanded their colonial holdings in Asia in this era of "New Imperialism" between 1890 and 1914, often facing resistance from existing rulers and nationalist movements.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    32 views35 pages

    Colonialism and Imperialism

    Uploaded by

    Bobby
    This document discusses the rise of European colonialism and imperialism after 1848. Key factors that contributed to further colonial expansion in this period included the demands of industrialization for new markets and raw materials, developments in science and technology, and the growing influence of social Darwinism and notions of European racial and cultural superiority. Major European powers carved up Africa and expanded their colonial holdings in Asia in this era of "New Imperialism" between 1890 and 1914, often facing resistance from existing rulers and nationalist movements.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 35

    European Colonialism and

    Imperialism
    After 1848
    • Conservative reaction sets in all over
    Europe in the 1850s and 1860s
    • Character of socialist, liberal, and
    nationalist movements change in
    character, as lessons are learned
    • Alliance of working classes and middle
    classes in a popular revolution would not
    happen again
    • “Realpolitik”—a new political realism sets
    in.
    Realism and developments in the
    sciences:
    • Gustave Flaubert (1821-1880)Madame Bovary
    (1856)
    • Emile Zola (1840-1902)--L’Assommoir (1877)
    • Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906)--The Doll’s House
    • Anton Chekhov (1860-1904)
    • George Eliot (1819-1880)--Middlemarch (1871)

    • Charles Darwin (1809-82)--The Origin of


    Species (1859)
    • Auguste Comte (1798-1857)--positivism
    • Gregor Mendel (1822-1884)--modern genetics
    Colonialism in the early
    modern period
    • Voyages of Discovery—Magellan,
    Columbus, Vasco da Gama
    • Establishment of trade routes
    • Predicated on trade and missionary
    activity
    • Importation of spices, sugar,
    coffee, tea
    Voyages of Exploration—Magellan, Drake,
    Vasco da Gama
    Spanish, French, Portuguese etc.
    trade routes and exports (coffee,
    tea, spices, cotton, tobacco
    Motivations behind further
    colonial expansion, outright
    settlement and “New
    Imperialism”
    • Couched in religious and altruistic
    terms—”mission civilisatrice”
    • Industrial demand for new markets
    and raw materials
    • Extension of national rivalries on
    European continent
    Jubilee monument of Queen Victoria,
    Calcutta, India
    Conditions—New
    Imperialism
    • Science
    • Technology—modern military weapons
    • Industrialization
    • Agricultural modernization
    • Communication
    • transportation
    Carving up Africa, 1890-1914
    Cape Dutch architecture
    Stellenbosch, South Africa
    Tipu Sultan, the “Tiger of Mysore”
    Indian Mutiny of 1857
    Resistance to Imperialist Drives

    • India • China

    • Tippu Sultan • First and Second


    • 1857 Mutiny Opium Wars,
    • 1885 Indian 1839-42, 1856-60
    National Congress • Boxer Rebellion,
    1899-1901
    Imperialism in China
    French Indochina
    Imperialism and new forms of
    mass culture

    • Imperialism now appeals to the masses - adventure,


    discovery, manliness, superiority over others – Kipling

    • Justifications: political, economic, “moral” and religious


    (“White Man’s Burden” and “civilizing mission”
    Rudyard Kipling
    David Livingston explores Africa
    Cecil Rhodes
    1903
    Lord Curzon in
    India
    Tiger hunting in India
    Edwin Lutyens’ New Delhi
    Seat of British government
    Victoria Terminus or “VT” in Mumbai
    (Bombay), India—British Victorian
    architectural style
    Pondicherry, India
    French Quarter
    Shanghai Bund, China,
    1900
    British and French
    Empires, 1920

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