HYDROLOGY

Chapter 1:
Prepared by:
Villarico, Christian Rosel H.
Oldest Dams in the History
Lake Homs Dam,Syria(1319 to 1304 B.C.)
• oldest functional dam in the world
• it has capacity of 90 million cu.meters
• today, the dam has a capacity of around
200 million cu.meters
Proserpina Dam, Spain(1st or 2nd century
AD)
• has a length of 427.8 meters

Cornalvo Dam, Spain ( 1st or 2nd century

AD)
• stands at height of 24m and length
of 194m.
Kallanai Dam or Grand Anicut, India
(circa 2nd century AD)
• use for rice cultivation
• dam irrigated an area of 69000 acres during those time,
and now dam was irrigating an area of around 1million
acres due to remodeling.
Kaerumataike Dam, Japan (162 AD)
• This ancient dam was built in the year
162 AD.
• the dam stands at a height of 17m and length of
260m.
• it is the source of drinking water and irrigation.
Sayamaike Dam, Japan(circa 7th century
AD)
• it is 1400 years old dam.
• the dam capacity is 2.8million cu.m.

Manoike Dam, Japan (701-704 AD)

• the dam structure is 329m in length.
• current capacity is 14 million
cu.m.
Sadd-e Kobar Dam, Iran(10th century AD)
• the dam is made of limestone and clay.
• it is 25m high and 82m long.
• it serve as irrigation.

Moti Talab Dam, India(12th century AD)

• 1000 years old dam.
• has an area of 2150 acres.
Almansa Dam, Spain(16th century AD)
• the slender structure is 25m high and 90m long.
• the main purpose is for flood control and
for irrigatin.
HISTORY
“We do not know when the first hydraulic project was
constructed.”

• King Scorpion-“Sargon the Great as Scorpion”

(There is evidence that irrigation canals was existed by his
term)
• King Menes- is the legendary first king of Egypt, also
know as the first pharaoh of ancient Egypt. He have
united the upper and lower Egypt.
(Is said to have constructed a diversion dam to redirect the
flow of the Nile so that Memphis could be constructed in
the fertile riverbed.)
• Sad el-Kafara(2850 B.C.)
-Dam was built across the a
wadi a few kilometers from
south cario.

• Plato (427-347 B.C.)- ancient greek

philosopher, students of socrates,
teacher of aristotle,founder of the academy,
best known as the author of the
philosopical works of unparalleled influence.
(Wrote Critias, an advocate of pluvial origin of rivers and
springs, but Plato is better known for the idea of the great
underground sea, Tartarus, as the source of all surface
water.)

• Aristotle (350 B.C.)- ancient Greek philosopher and

scientist, one of the greatest intellectual figure of western
history. He was the author of the philosophical and
scientific system that become framework and vehicle for
both Christian Scholasticism and medieval Islamic
philosophy. Even after the intellectual revolution of the
Renaissance, the Reformation and the Enlightenment,
Aristotelian concepts embedded in western thinking.
(suggested that cold converted air into
water, and since the mountain were
cold, they converted much air into
water as the source of springs and
streams.)
• Pierre Perrault (1608-1680)-was a reciever general
of finances for Paris and later a scientist who developed
the concept of the hydrological cycle. He and Edme
Mariotte were primarily responsible for making
hydrology an experimental science.

(compared measured rainfall with the estimated flow of

the Seine River to show that the streamflow was about
one-sixth of the precipitation .)
• Halley(1656-1742)- was an English
astronomer, geophysicist, mathematician,
meteorologist, and physicist.

(Measured evaporation from small pan and estimated

evaporation from the mediterrenean sea from this data).
• Frontinus –was a prominent roman
civil engineer, author, and politician of
the late first century AD. He was a
successful general in Domitian,
commanding forces of Roman Britain.

(Satisfactory methods for measuring streamflow are a

recent development, based estimates of flow on cross-
sectional area alone without regard to velocity.)