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EQUATIONS
x 12
x � 2 ��
2 3
x2 3
Ex: Solve by taking square roots 4(z – 3) 2 = 100
First, isolate the squared factor:
4(z – 3)2 = 100
(z – 3)2 = 25
Now take the square root of both sides:
(z 3) 25
2
z 3 25
z–3=+5
z=3+5
z = 3 + 5 = 8 and z = 3 – 5 = – 2
Ex: Solve by taking square roots 5(x + 5) 2 – 75 = 0
First, isolate the squared factor:
5(x + 5)2 = 75
(x + 5)2 = 15
Now take the square root of both sides:
2
( x + 5 ) 15
x + 5 � 15
x 5 � 15
x 5 + 15 , x 5 15
Completing the Square
• Recall from factoring that a Perfect-Square
Trinomial is the square of a binomial:
Perfect square Trinomial Binomial Square
x2 + 8x + 16 (x + 4)2
x2 – 6x + 9 (x – 3)2
• The square of half of the coefficient of x
equals the constant term:
( ½ * 8 )2 = 16
[½ (-6)]2 = 9
Completing the Square
• Write the equation in the form x 2 + bx = c
• Add to each side of the equation [½(b)] 2
• Factor the perfect-square trinomial
x2 + bx + [½(b)] 2 = c + [½(b)]2
• Take the square root of both sides of the
equation
• Solve for x
Ex: Solve w2 + 6w + 4 = 0 by completing the square
w +3 5
w 3 5
w {3 + 5,3 5}
Ex: Solve 2r2 = 3 – 5r by completing the square
r + 5 / 4 ( 7 / 4)
r (5 / 4) (7 / 4)
r = - (5/4) + (7/4) = 2/4 = ½
and r = - (5/4) - (7/4) = -12/4 = - 3
r = { ½ , - 3}
Ex: Solve 3p – 5 = (p – 1)(p – 2)
p3 2
p 3 2
p {3 + 2,3 2}
The Quadratic Formula
• Consider a quadratic equation of the form
ax2 + bx + c = 0 for a nonzero
• Completing the square
ax + bx c
2
b c
x + x
2
a a
b b c2
b 2
x + x+
2
+
a 4a a 4a 2 2
The Quadratic Formula
b b 4ac
2
b 2
x + x+
2
+
a 4a 4a 4a
2 2 2
� b � b 4ac
2
2
�x + �
� 2a � 4a 2
x
2a
Ex: Use the Quadratic Formula to solve1x2 + 7x
7 +6=0
a=1 b= 7 c= 6
Now evaluate the quadratic formula at the identified
values of a, b, and c
7 7 2 4(1)(6)
x
2(1)
7 49 24
x
2
7 25
x
2
75
x
2
a=2 b= 1 c = - 10
Now evaluate the quadratic formula at the identified
values of a, b, and c
1 12 4(2)(10)
m
2(2)
1 1 + 80
m
4
1 81
m
4
1 9
m
4