PARTS , LINES ,POINTS

AND ARCS OF a CIRCLE

 DEFINITION OF
TERMS
CENTER-the point at the core of the circle
which are equidistant from the center.
RADIUS- the distance from the center to any
point on the circle. It half the diameter.
CHORD- a segment linking any two points on a
circle.
DIAMETER-the distance across a circle
through the center.
CIRCUMFERENCE- distance around or the
perimeter of the circle.
SECTOR- is a part enclosed by two radii and
an arc.
TANGENT- a line which touches the circle at
only one point. It does not cross the circle.
SECANT- a line that intersects a circle at two
distinct points. It is an extended chord.
POINT OF TANGENCY- the point to which
the tangent line touches the circle.
POINTS- points lie inside or outside the
circle.
Interior Points
Exterior Points
ARCS- portion of a circle.
Semicircle- half of a circle.
Minor Arc- less than the 180 degrees.
Major Arc- greater than 180 degrees.
ANGLES OF A CIRCLE
Tangents to Circles
 Essential Questions
• How do I identify segments and lines
related to circles?
• How do I use properties of a tangent
to a circle?
 Definition
• Secant – a line that intersects a circle in two
points.

MN is a secant
 Definition
• Tangent – a line in the plane of a circle that
intersects the circle in exactly one point.
T

ST is a tangent
 Definition
• Tangent circles – coplanar circles
that intersect in one point
 Definition
• Concentric circles – coplanar circles
that have the same center.
 More definitions
• Interior of a circle – consists of the
points that are inside the circle
• Exterior of a circle – consists of the
points that are outside the circle
 Definition
• Point of tangency – the point at which a tangent
line intersects the circle to which it is tangent.

point of tangency
 Perpendicular Tangent
Theorem
• If a line is tangent to a circle, then it is
perpendicular to the radius drawn to the point of
tangency.
l

If l is tangent to Q at P, then l  QP.

 Example 3
C
Tell whether CE is tangent to D. 43
E
Use the converse of the Pythagorean 45
Theorem to see if the triangle is right. 11

D
112 + 432 ? 452

121 + 1849 ? 2025

1970  2025

CED is not right, so CE is not tangent to D.

 Congruent Tangent Segments
Theorem
• If two segments from the same exterior point are
tangent to a circle, then they are congruent.

P
S
T

If SR and ST are tangent to P, then SR  ST.

 Example

AB is tangent to C at B. D
AD is tangent to C at D. x2 + 2

Find the value of x. C A

11
AD = AB
B
x2 + 2 = 11

x2 = 9

x = 3
Tangent-Chord Theorem
 If a tangent and a chord intersect at a point on a circle, then
the measure of each angle formed is one half the measure of
its intercepted arc.
B

1
m1 = mAB C
2

1 1
m2 = mBCA 2
2 A
Example 1
Line m is tangent to the circle. Find mRST m
R
102

mRST = 2(102)
S
mRST = 204

T
Try This!
Line m is tangent to the circle. Find m1

1 R
m1 = (150)
2 1
m
m1 = 75

150
T
Example 2
BC is tangent to the circle. Find mCBD. C
A
(9x+20)

5x B
2(5x) = 9x + 20

10x = 9x + 20
D
x = 20
mCBD = 5(20)
mCBD = 100
Interior Intersection Theorem
 If two chords intersect in the interior of a circle, then the
measure of each angle is one half the sum of the measures of
the arcs intercepted by the angle and its vertical angle.

1 D
m1 = (mCD + mAB) A
2
1
2
1 C
m2 = (mAD + mBC)
2 B
Exterior Intersection Theorem
 If a tangent and a secant, two tangents, or two
secants intersect in the exterior of a circle,
then the measure of the angle formed is one
half the difference of the measures of the
intercepted arcs.
Diagrams for Exterior
Intersection Theorem
B
A P
1
2
Q
C R
1
1 m2 = (mPQR - mPR)
m1 = (mBC - mAC) X 2
2
W
3
Z Y
1
m3 = (mXY - mWZ)
2
Example 3
P
 Find the value of x. 106
Q

x
S

174 R
Try This!
 Find the value of x. T
40

S
x
U

R 120
Example 4
 Find the value of x.

200

x 72

Example 5
 Find the value of x.
A
B

92 x

C
 Chord Product Theorem
• If two chords intersect in the interior of a circle,
then the product of the lengths of the segments
of one chord is equal to the product of the
lengths of the segments of the other
C chord.
B

EA  EB = EC  ED
E

D
A
 Example 1
• Find the value of x.
B
3
3(6) = 9x C
x
E
A 9
18 = 9x 6

x= 2
D
 Try This!
• Find the value of x.
B C
x 9
9(12) = 18x E
12
108 = 18x A 18

x= 6
D
 Secant-Secant Theorem
• If two secant segments share the same endpoint
outside a circle, then the product of the length of one
secant segment and the length of its external segment
equals the product of the length of the other secant
segment and the length of its external segment.
B

EA  EB = EC  ED A
D
E C
Secant-Tangent Theorem
• If a secant segment and a tangent segment share an
endpoint outside a circle, then the product of the
length of the secant segment and the length of its
external segment equals the square of the length of
the tangent segment.
A

(EA)2 = EC  ED E
C
D
 Example 2
• Find the value of x.
N
11
LM  LN = LO  LP
M
9(20) = 10(10+x) 9

180 = 100 + 10x L

10
80 = 10x
O
x
x= 8
P
 Try This!
• Find the value of x. D
11
E
10
DE  DF = DG  DH 12
F
11(21) = 12(12 + x)
G
x
231 = 144 + 12x

87 = 12x H
x = 7.25
 Example 3
• Find the value of x.
C 24
B
CB2 = CD(CA) 12

242 = 12(12 + x) D

576 = 144 + 12x x

432 = 12x
A
x = 36
 Try This!
• Find the value of x.

WX2 = XY(XZ) W

102 = 5(5 + 3x) 10

100 = 25 + 15x
X 5 Y 3x Z
75 = 15x

x= 5