Professional Documents
Culture Documents
By,
M Afzal Akthar
15MT000306
Introduction
• Wax deposition is a critical operational challenge to
the oil and gas industry.
• Production of
petroleum fluids
shifted from
onshore resources
toward offshore
reservoirs around
the world
Areas reported to have wax deposition
Thermal
Hot watering
Solvents
Wax crystal
modifiers
Chemical
Wax prevention and
removal
Dispersants
Surfactants
Progressive Pigging
Use of Plastic or
coated pipe
Wax crystal inhibitors/
PPDs
• Dispersants/inhibitors/Pour point inhibitors are used
as flow improvers
Pour Point °C 37
Redwood viscosity cP 408
4𝜌𝑄
• Reynold’s number : NRe =
𝜋µ𝑑