Computer aided

manufacturing
systems
Presented by:

Khushbakht Nida
CIM SYSTEM LAYOUT
 Communication of Networks in Manufacturing
• LAN
A hardware or software system in which logically related
groups of machines and equipment communicate with each
other. A LAN links these groups to each other, bringing different
phases of manufacturing into a unified operation.
• A LAN can be very large and complex, linking hundreds or even
thousands of machines and devices in several buildings.

• Medium of Data transfer

fiber-optic or copper cables
LOCAL AREA NETWORK
• Coverage
From a few meters to as much as 32 km
• Types
1. Bus (Backbone) Topology
2. Ring Topology
3. Star Topology
LOCAL AREA NETWORK
• Bus (Backbone) Topology
all stations have independent access to the bus. This system is
reliable and is easier than the other two to service.
LOCAL AREA NETWORK
• Ring Topology
All individual user stations are connected in a continuous ring. The
message is forwarded from one station to the next until it reaches its
assigned destination.

the failure of one station shuts down the entire network

LOCAL AREA NETWORK
• Star Topology
It is suitable for situations that are not subject to frequent
configuration changes. All messages pass through a central
station. Telephone systems in office buildings usually have this type
of topology
Wireless Local Area Network
• (WLANS) allow equipment such as mobile test stands or
data-collection devices (e.g., bar-code readers) to easily
maintain a network connection.
• Communication Standard
(IEEE 802.11) currently defines frequencies and
specifications of signals, and two radio-frequency
methods and one infrared method for WLANS
Personal Area Network
• Personal area networks (PANS) are used for electronic devices,
such as cellular telephones and personal data assistants, but
are not as widespread for manufacturing applications.
• PANs are based on communications standards (such as
Bluetooth, IrDA, and Home RF) and are designed to allow data
and voice communication over short distances.
• Example: a short-range Bluetooth device will allow
communication over a 10-m distance. PANs are undergoing
major changes, and communications standards are
continually being refined.
COMUNICATION STANDARDS
• MAP (manufacturing automation protocol)
The existence of automated cells that could function
independently from each other (i.e., without a common base for
information transfer) led to the need for a communications
standard to improve both communications and the efficiency of
computer-integrated manufacturing
• In 1980, set of communications standards known as the
manufacturing automation protocol (MAP) was developed.
ISO/OSI Communication Model
 ISO/OSI Communication Model
The ISO/OSI model has a hierarchical structure in which
communication between two users is divided into seven layers
Each layer has a special task:
• Data transmission, by mechanical and electronic means
• Error detection and correction
• Correct transmission of the message
• Control of the dialog between users
• Translation of the message into a common syntax
• Verification that the data transferred has been understood.
ISO/OSI Communication Model

MODES OF TRANSFER
• coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable, microwaves,
and similar devices.
MAP/TOP
Internet
Intranet
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
• Artificial intelligence (AI) is that part of computer science which
is concerned with systems that exhibit some characteristics
usually associated with intelligence in human behavior, such as
learning, reasoning, problem solving, recognizing patterns, and
understanding language.
• Knowledge Engineering
The art of bringing relevant principles and tools of AI to bear
on difficult application problems is known as knowledge
engineering
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
• Expert System
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
• Expert System Applied to an Industrial Robot
 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
• Machine Vision
The basic features of machine vision
1. Computers and software,
2. implementing artificial intelligence,
3. cameras
4. optical sensors
• These machines then perform such operations as
inspecting, identifying, and sorting parts, as well as guiding
robots operations that otherwise would require human
intervention.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
• Artificial Neural Networks
The branch of AI called (ANN) attempts to gain
some capabilities through computer imitation of
the way that data are processed by the human
brain which are as follows
• recognizing features (on faces and in voices,
even under noisy conditions),
• assessing situations quickly,
• adjusting to new and dynamic conditions.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
• Applications of ANN
• noise reduction (intelephones),
• speech recognition
• process control.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
• Fuzzy Logic
• An element of AI having important applications in
control systems and pattern recognition is fuzzy
logic, also called fuzzy models.
• ability to recognize, represent, manipulate,
interpret, and utilize data and information that
are vague or lack precision
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
• Fuzzy Logic
• Fuzzy models deal with reasoning and decision
making at a level higher than neural networks.
• Typical linguistic examples are the words:
• few, very, more or less, small, medium, extremely,
and almost all.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
• Fuzzy Logic
• Applications
• (a) the automatic transmission in automobiles
• (b) a washing machine that automatically adjusts
the washing cycle for load size, type of fabric,
and amount of dirt
• (c) a helicopter that obeys vocal commands to
go forward, up, left, and right, and to hover and
land.