Sets: An Introduction

1. How many groups are there?

There is the group of head covers(hats), the group
of trees, the group of even numbers, and the group
of polyhedra. But, there is also a group of round
objects and a group of pointy objects. There are 6
well-defined groups.

2. Does each object belong to a group? Yes

3.Is there an object that belongs to
more than one set? Which ones?

All the hats belong to the set of round objects. The

two polyhedra belong to the set of pointy objects.
How many numbers/elements are there in
Which objects belong together?
each set?
 Important Terms to Remember

A set is a collection of objects ,things or

symbols which are clearly defined

The individual objects in a set are called the

members or elements of the set.

When we define a set,if we take pieces of

that set, we can form what is called a
subset

(PRESENTER NAME)
The universal set U is the set that contains all
objects under consideration.

The null set - ∅ is an empty set - { }.

The null set is a subset of any set.

The cardinality of a set A is the number of

elements contained in A.

(PRESENTER NAME)
 To determine the number of subsets given the
number of elements, use the formula:
Number of subsets = 2n,
where n = is the number of elements Ex.
A = {carabao, cow} –this is the universal set
The subsets of A are:
B = {carabao}
D = {cow,}
E = {carabao, cow}
F= ∅
 Ways of Describing a Set
Verbal Description Method – describing a set in
words

Roster Method – naming the elements of a set

H = {ladies hat, baseball cap, hard hat}

Set Builder or Rule Method – writing the elements of

a set with the use of description
H = {x/x covers and protects the head}

(PRESENTER NAME)
To illustrate ways of describing a set, consider
the following given:

Universal Set H =

Verbal Description Method:

Set H is the set of head cover and protector.

Set Builder or Rule Method:

H ={x | x covers and protects the head}

Roster Method:
H = {ladies hat, baseball cap, hard hat}
Do what is asked:
Is the given set well-defined? Justify your answer.
1. {subjects in Grade 7 } Yes/No because _____________
2. { intelligent actors } Yes/No because _____________
Which of the following are empty sets and why?
3.Triangles with four sides. It is an empty set because
_______
4. Pandas in the Philippines .It is an empty set because
_______
Identify the elements, subsets and cardinality of the given
set
C= { first five counting number}
Elements: 1,2,3,__,__
Subsets: {1}, { 1,2},{ },{ }
Cardinality: n( C)=__
Determine whether the given set is
well-defined, not well-defined or null
set. If well-defined, give the
elements, three subsets and its
cardinality.
Set
1.A={schooldays }
2.B={ baldmen with braided hair}
3.C={wholenumbers less than five}
4.D={vowels in the alphabet }
5.E={ pretty girls}
Identify the elements, cardinality of the
given set and number of subsets
1. L = {letters of English alphabet up
to e}
2. V = {all the vowels of English
alphabet}
3. A = {all even numbers less than 10}
4. B = {all odd numbers less than 10}
5. C ={all the months of the
schoolyear}
Consider the set consisting of counting
numbers from 1 to 20. Let this be set U.

Form smaller sets consisting of elements of U

that share a different characteristic.

For example, let E be the set of all even

numbers from 1 to 20.
Consider the following to form
different sets, then find the number
of subsets and cardinality of each
sets.
 Directions: Do what is asked
A. In the following collection of objects, find the one that is
out of place. Justify your answer.
1. carabao, chicken, cow, pig, goat
2. Lemery, Bauan, Sto. Tomas, Tagaytay, Malvar
B. Determine the number of subsets of the following
given sets.
3. L = {Santos, Mandanas,Sanchez,}
4. I = { sugarcane, coconut, mosquito net, coffee}
5. P = {Lemery, Bauan, Calaca, Tanauan, Sto. Tomas,}
6. A = { 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}
C.
7. Write each using the verbal description
method:
A = {a,e,i,o,u}
8-9Write each using the Roster method:
Months of the year with thirty days
Set of whole numbers between 10 and 20
10. Write each using the set builder method:
P ={Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars}
Decision Making. Write the given sets
using either rule or roster method.
1. The set of whole numbers greater than
zero.
2. The letters of the English alphabet.
3. All crawling insects.
4. All animals that can be found in the
Philippines
5. All even numbers.