An effective manager will always

hire the smartest person available.

True? False?
Why? What do you think?
What
What isis Personality?
Personality?
The relatively stable set of characteristics that
influences an individual’s behavior .
– The sum total of ways in which an individual reacts and
interacts with others, the measurable traits a person
exhibits
Measuring Personality
– Helpful in hiring decisions
– Most common method: self-reporting surveys
– Observer-ratings surveys provide an independent
assessment of personality

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What DETERMINES The Personality?

Heredity Environment Situation

Personality
Personality Determinants
Determinants

•Heredity- Genetic Sources

•Environment- Surrounding and Culture
•Situation- Day to Day event repeated

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Types
Types of
of Personality
Personality

Two types of Personality: Type A and Type B are

defined

Type A- Refers to behavior that is restless, impatient,

achievement oriented and perfectionist.

Type B- Refers to behavior that is relaxed, socialable

with a balance view towards life.
Personality
Personality Traits
Traits
Enduring characteristics that describe an individual’s
behavior
– The more consistent the characteristic and the more
frequently it occurs in diverse situations, the more
important the trait.

Two dominant frameworks used to describe

personality:
– Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI®)
– Big Five Model

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Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
Extrovert (E)
Type of Social
Interaction Introvert (I)

Preference for Sensing (S)

Gathering Data Intuitive (N)

Feeling (F)
Preference for
Decision Making Thinking (T)

Perceptive (P)
Style of
Decision Making Judgmental (J)
Extraversion Introversion
Interest Orientation

E Talkative, Shy, I
Sociable, Reserved,
Friendly, Quite,
Outspoken

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Sensing Intuition
Perception

S Organised, Less Regular, N

Practical, Unconscious,
Focus Focus Big
Detail. Picture

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Thinking Feeling
Judgment

T Reliability of
logical order
Priorities
based on
F
– cause and personal
effect, importance
Apathy and values,
Sympathy

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

Judgment Perception
Environment Orientation

J Judging
attitude –
Spontaneity
– Curious,
P
Control of awaiting
events and events and
systematic adapting to
planning them,
Flexible

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

 Conscientiousness

Extroversion

Agreeableness

Emotional stability Openness to Experience

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

 Extraversion

Agreeableness

The
Big Five
Conscientiousness
Personality
Model

Emotional Stability

Openness to Experience

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

Stages of Personality Formation:
Personality is said to be formed in stages, with change
in age marital ans social status, career moves etc.
one is subjected to transitions in behaviors to adapt
to the newer roles one needs to play.
We are discussing three Models of Personality
Formation:-
1. Levinson's Theory of Adult Life Stage
2. Hall's Career Stage Model
3. Argyris' Immaturity to Maturity Stage
Levinson's Theory of Adult Life Stage

Daniel Levinson believed that personality progresses

with age in four stages:
1. 22-28 Stage: During which adult stage gets formed.
2. 33-40 Stage: During which Settling down occurs.
3. 45-50 Stage:- During which middle adulthood
occurs.
4. 55-60 Stage:- During which old age occurs.
Hall's Career Stage Model

In this model a person goes through four stages

during his career:
1. Exploration:- identify seeking, unstable, trail and
error….
2. Establishment:-settling down, stability,
productivity increases...
3. Maintenance:- peak productivity, contributing to
others, mentoring…
4. Decline:- productivity declines, self evalaution.
Argyris' Immaturity to Maturity Stage

Chris Argyris Proposed seven dimensions to the

development of personality.
He proposed that instead of any stages, personality
develops along a continuum like the development
from infant to adult and from maturity to
immaturity.
He also pointed out that not everyone exhibits all the
seven characteristics on reaching maturity.