ANATOMI DAN FISIOLOGI

WANITA HAMIL
NINGRUM JAYANTI
04011181621072
REPRODUCTIVE TRACT

AB/B22/2019
The uterine musculature during
pregnancy is arranged in three
strata:
1. An outer hoodlike layer,
which arches over the
fundus and extends into the
various ligaments.
2. A middle layer, composed of
a dense network of muscle
fibers perforated in all
directions by blood vessels.
3. An internal layer, with
sphincter-like fibers around
the fallopian tube orifices
and internal os of the cervix.
AB/B22/2019
 • Height and weight (hyperplasia) the
height increases from 7.5 cm to
35cm the weight increases from
50g to 1000g at term
• Uterine ligaments show
hypertrophy
• Dextro-rotation the uterus is tilted
and twisted to the right in 80% of
cases
• Lower uterine segment (LUS) the
LUS is formed from the isthmus
formed from the 4 th month to
reach 10 cm at full term

AB/B22/2019
• First few weeks ~ original pear shape  a more globular form  spherical by 12
weeks.
• The organ increases more rapidly in length than in width and assumes an ovoid
shape

AB/B22/2019
 Cervix • The endocervical mucosal
cells produce copious
• Contains a small amount of
amounts of a tenacious
smooth muscle, its major
mucus
component is connective
tissue
• Goodell sign
• Chadwick sign
• Hegar sign
• increased volume of
cervical secretions consists
of a somewhat thick, white
discharge

AB/B22/2019
 Ovaries
• Ovulation ceases during
pregnancy, and the
maturation of new
follicles is suspended.
• Only a single corpus
luteum can be found in
pregnant women

Vagina & Perineum

Fallopian
• Chadwick sign : violet color and
with softening of connective tubes
tissue
• The pH is acidic, varying from • Musculature hypertrophy
3.5 to 6 • The epithelium flattened
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 SKIN
Blood Flow in Skin Hyperpigmentation
• Increased cutaneous blood • The midline of the abdominal skin
flow in pregnancy serves to • linea alba transfom into linea
dissipate excess heat nigra
generated by increased • Irregular brownish patches on
metabolism face and neck
• chloasma or melasma
gravidarum—the so-called
mask of pregnancy.
Abdominal Wall • Pigmentation of the areolae and
genital skin may also be
• Striae gravidarum or accentuated
stretch marks
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 Peripheral
Vascular Changes

• Angiomas, called vascular

spiders, develop in about
two thirds of white women
and approximately 10
percent of black women.
• Palmar erythema is
encountered during
pregnancy in about two
thirds of white women and
one third of black women.

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 Musculoskeletal System

• Progressive lordosis is a characteristic feature of

normal pregnancy.
• The sacroiliac, sacrococcygeal, and pubic joints have
increased mobility during pregnancy
• The bones and ligaments of the pelvis undergo
remarkable adaptation during pregnancy

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