Pre- Test

Pre-test
1. The process of duplicating a cell or an
organism usually asexually.

a) Cloning
b) Fermenting
c) Cell duplication
Pre-test
2. Creates three generations of
genetically identical cloned mice.

a) Shapiero and Beck

b) Paul Berg
c) Teruhiko Wakayama
Pre-test
3. The following are the applications of ani
cloning except.

a) Xenotransplantation
b) Livestock breeding and agriculture
c) Gene therapy
Pre-test
4. How many steps do we have in cloning

a) 3
b) 8
c) 6
Pre-test
5. What do you call to a group of geneticall
identical cells ?

a) Clone
b) Organs
c) gene
Animal
Propagation
Animal Propagation

Is the reproduction process

that enables animals to
conserve their own species
Animal Conservation

Is the act of protecting animal

from extinction
Animal Cloning

Cloning
Clone is a group of genetically identical cells

Clone is also an organism which is genetically a

exact replica of another organism.
Cloning is to duplicate a cell or an
organism, usually asexually, which is
genetically an exact replica of the other
cell or organism.
History of cloning

1962 - John Gurdon claims to have cloned frogs

from adult cells.
1963 - J.B.S. Haldane coins the term 'clone.'
1966 - Establishment of the complete genetic code.
1967 - Enzyme DNA ligase isolated.
1969 - Shapiero and Beckwith isolate the first gene.
1970 - First restriction enzyme isolated.
1972 - Paul Berg creates the first recombinant DNA
1973 - Cohen and Boyer create first recombinant DNA
organisms.
1977 - Karl Illmensee claims to have created mice with only
one parent.
1979 - Karl Illmensee makes claim to have cloned three
mice.
1983- Kary B. Mullis develops the polymerase chain
reaction technique
for rapid DNA synthesis.
1985 - Steen Willadsen clones sheep from embryo
cells. Steen Willadsen joins Grenad Genetics to
commercially clone cattle.

1986 - Steen Willadsen clones cattle from

differentiated cells.

1986 - First, Prather, and Eyestone clone a cow from

embryo cells.

1990- Human Genome Project begins

1996 - Dolly, the first animal cloned from adult cells,

1997- President Bill Clinton proposes a five year
moratorium on cloning.

1997 - Richard Seed announces his plans to clone a

human.

1997 - Wilmut and Campbell create Polly, a cloned

sheep with an inserted human gene.

1998 - Teruhiko Wakayama creates three

generations of genetically identical cloned mice.
Why we want to do cloning?

Researchers hope that these

techniques can be used in
researching and treating human
diseases and genetically altering
animals for the production of human
transplant organs.
Steps in Cloning
 Step 1: Take any cell from your body, from the skin, for exam

Step 2: Take an egg cell (ovum), from the ovary of any woman.

Step 3: Take the nucleus out of the egg cell.

Step 4: Put together the cell of your skin and the

egg without nucleus. It will start to multiply
forming a microscopic ball of many identical cells.
Step 5: In about 6 days place it in the uterus of the woman
Step 6: In 9 months a baby will be born
just like you, an identical twin of you…
without any genetic characteristics of
the woman who gave the ovule and
provided the uterus, and gave birth to
your twin.
What is Basic principle of cloning
Purpose full cloning
Pros and Cons of Cloning
Pros
Produce animals with desirable traits
Increase the efficiency of the livestock production
Offset losses of among endangered species
populations
Enable better research for finding cures to many
diseases
Provide children for parents who would like a child
can’t have one for various reasons.
Provide children for parents with an opportunity to
clone a child who was died
Cons

Decline in genetic diversity

Taking nature into our own hands
Religious and moral reasons
Physical problems, such as birth defects
Possibility of mental and emotional
problems of the clone
Applications of Animal Cloning
 Animals as drug producers: Gene farming

Animal models: Models for human diseases

Breeding endogenic body tissue: Transplantation

Xenotransplantation: Animal organs → Human

Livestock breeding and agriculture

Transgenic clones
Post- Test
Post-test
1. The process of duplicating a cell or an
organism usually asexually.

a) Cloning
b) Fermenting
c) Cell duplication
Post-test
2. Creates three generations of
genetically identical cloned mice.

a) Shapiero and Beck

b) Paul Berg
c) Teruhiko Wakayama
Post-test
3. The following are the applications of
animal cloning except.

a) Xenotransplantation
b) Livestock breeding and agriculture
c) Gene therapy
Post-test
4. How many steps do we have in
cloning?

a) 3
b) 8
c) 6
Post-test
5. What do you call to a group of geneticall
identical cells ?

a) Clone
b) Organs
c) gene
Thank you!

Group 2