DESIGN PROCESS

DESIGN PROCESS TERMINOLOGY

Cost control (estimates can occur at any stage of this process)

Cost planning
Cost plan
Cost
Cost checks Cost analysis
limit

A B C D E F G H J K L M
Inception Feasibility Outline Scheme Detail Production Bills of Tender Project Site Completion Feedback
Proposals Design Design information Quantities Action Planning Operations

Sketch
Briefing Working drawings Site operations
plans

Pilot
details

Outline Scheme Detail Production Contract Record

design design design information drawings drawings
plan plan drawings drawings
BRIEFING
 Preparing a detailed and comprehensive brief is
important.
 The brief states precisely what the client wants.

 Information required
 Function of the building
 Location and description of the site
 Floor area of the building
 Quality
 Shape and aesthetic features
 The constraints imposed by authority
 Delivery time
 Cost
BRIEFING - INCEPTION
 Client’s initial decision to build.
 Client
 Client will consider the outline requirement
 Appoint architect and other members of the design team

 Design team
 Determining project finance methods and client’s
capacity
 Preparing general outline of requirements and plan
future action
 Cost calculation
 Cost study of similar buildings
BRIEFING - FEASIBILITY
 Design team will attempt to establish the client.
 Involves the consideration of
 Feasible
 Functional
 Technical
 Financial
 Basic cost information is required
 Design team
 Study of user requirements, site conditions, planning, design,
cost, etc
 Prepare feasibility report and cost limit so to provide the
client with an appraisal and recommendation
 Cost calculation
 Preliminary estimate
SKETCH PLAN – OUTLINE PROPOSALS
 There is still insufficient information for each
elemental category
 An overall sketch design will be established with
regard to layout, design and construction
 Cost implications of differing design solutions
will be evaluated
 Design team
 Preparing outline cost plan according to group
elements (broad cost allocations for the major parts)
 Cost calculation
 Outline cost plan - estimate based on group elements
(not enter into detailed consideration of the
specifications)
SKETCH PLAN – SCHEME DESIGN
 Major issues affecting design, planning,
construction method and specification will be
considered.
 Design team
 Full design of project by the architect
 Preliminary design by the engineers
 Preparation of cost plan and full explanatory s for all
approvals
 Cost calculation
 Detailed cost plan - estimated based on individual
elements (Cost plan – a statement of how the design
team proposes to distribute the available money
among the elements of the building)
 Brief should not be modified after scheme design
WORKING DRAWING – DETAIL DESIGN
 All issues relating to design, specification,
construction and cost are resolved.
 Design team
 Drawings are prepared for all the building
components
 Comparative Cost Study
 On several construction methods, material and layouts
 Detail consideration on impact of maintenance and running

cost
 Complete cost checking
 Cost calculation
 Approximate quantities
Any further change in location, size,
shape, or cost after this will result in
abortive work.
WORKING DRAWING – PRODUCTION
INFORMATION

 Design team
 Prepare all final production information
- working drawings, project schedule
and specifications
 Consultant, sub-contractor and the
supplier provide complete specifications
and actual quotations
 Cost calculation
 Preparing Bills of Quantities
WORKING DRAWINGS – BILLS OF
QUANTITIES

 Design team:
 Finalizing bills of quantities and related
documents will be prepared
 Pre-tender estimate
WORKING DRAWINGS – TENDER ACTION
 Tenderers are invited to offer the tender through the
processes of open, selected or negotiated tender
 Design team
 Compiling pre-tender estimate
 Cost check – comparison between pre-tender estimate and
priced tender
 QS to prepare tender report to determine the most
qualified tenderer
 Tender report will hand over to client to make final
decision
 Selected tenderer will sign the offer and acceptance
agreement with the client (main contractor)
 Cost calculation
 Cost analysis, tender evaluation
SITE OPERATION – PROJECT PLANNING
 Siteis handed over to the contractor
 Contractor will prepare a work
programme
 QS
 Prepare contract document
 Carrying out cost check
SITE OPERATION – ON-SITE OPERATION
 Contractor will implement the work on site until
completion
 Design team
 Monitor the construction work
 Carrying out continuous cost control and check
 Evaluate the work & make payment to contractor
 Prepare interim valuation
 Prepare financial statement
SITE OPERATION - COMPLETION
 Project is completed after inspection and
the certificate of fitness
 Hand over to the client for occupation

 Contractor is responsible for defect

 Design team
 QS to prepare final account
 Architect and engineer to prepare record
drawings
FEEDBACK

 Overall management, construction and

the performance of the project will be
analyzed
 Used for future projects

 Some clients require cost-in-use study to

be prepared
 QS
 Preparing final account analysis
 Preparing works record analysis