INFRA MERAH

General Uses:
 Identification of all types of organic and many types of
inorganic compounds
 Determination of functional groups in organic materials
 Determination of the molecular composition of surfaces
 Identification of chromatographic effluents
 Quantitative determination of compounds in mixtures
 Determination of molecular conformation (structural
isomers) and stereochemistry (geometrical isomers)
 Determination of molecular orientation (polymers and
solutions)
Common Applications:
 Identification of compounds by matching spectrum of unknown
compound with reference spectrum (fingerprinting)
 Identification of functional groups in unknown substances
 Identification of reaction components and kinetic studies of
reactions
 Identification of molecular orientation in polymer films
 Detection of molecular impurities or additives present in
amounts of 1% and in some cases as low as 0.01%
 Identification of polymers, plastics, and resins
 Analysis of formulations such as insecticides and copolymers
 TEORI

“Infrared spectroscopy deals with the interaction of

infrared light with matter”

Each atom has three degrees of freedom, corresponding to

motions along any of the three Cartesian coordinate axes
(x, y, z).
 Rotasi
 Translasi
 Vibrasi

“Infrared radiation is absorbed by organic molecules and

converted into energy of molecular vibration”
 GELOMBANG
ELEKTROMAGNETIK
TEORI DASAR PENYERAPAN IR
There are two types of molecular vibrations: stretching and
bending

Stretching and bending vibrational modes for H2O

 Not all possible vibrations within a molecule will result in

an absorption band in the infrared region.
 To be infrared active the vibration must result in a change
of dipole moment during thevibration.
Stretching and bending vibrational modes for a CH2 group
 TERJADINYA PENYERAPAN IR

Syarat: Gerakan vibrasi dan rotasi molekul disertai dengan

perubahan netto dari momen dipol (net change in dipole
moment)

Pada molekul dipol, pusat muatan + dan pusat muatan – terpisah, jika
molekul bervibrasi akan terjadi medan listrik yang berosilasi yang
akan berinteraksi dengan medan listrik bolak-balik dari sinar. Jika
frekwensi sinar sama dengan salah satu frekwensi vibrasi alamiah
(natural vibrational frequency) dari molekul, maka energi sinar
diserap oleh molekul dan akan merubah amplitudo vibrasi molekul
 JENIS VIBRASI MOLEKUL

 Vibrasi Ulur (Stretching vibration): simetris dan tak simetris

 Vibrasi tekuk (bending vibration): in-plane bending dan out of plane
bending

Symmetrical stretching Asymmetrical Stretching

 in-plane bending

Scissoring Bending Rocking Bending

Out of plane bending

Twisting Bending Wagging Bending

 FREKEWENSI VIBRASI OSILATOR
HARMONIS

 = massa yang tereduksi

k = tetapan gaya
Jika osilator harmonis mempunyai 2 massa
(m1 dan m2)
PENYERAPAN INFRARED OLEH MOLEKUL
Contoh:
Hitung nilai bilangan gelombang kira-kira dari vibrasi ulur C=O, jika tetapan
gaya ikatan rangkap = 106 dyne/cm, bilangan Avogadro = 6,02 x 1023 , Ar C =
12 dan O = 16

Jawab: 1600 cm-1