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DET 211/3
Chapter 4 – Magnetic
Circuits
1
Magnetic Materials and Circuits
Introduction
Magnet contains a north pole and south pole.
Magnet flux leaves the magnet as the north pole
and the place where the flux returns to the magnet
as the south pole.
2
Right Hand Rule and Ampere’s Law
3
Right Hand Rule and Ampere’s Law
The relationship between current and magnetic field
intensity can be obtained by using Ampere’s Law.
H .dl i
Hdl cos i 4
Right Hand Rule and Ampere’s Law
Consider a rectangular core with N winding
i Ni
dl lc
Hl c Ni
Therefore
Ni
H
lc
5
Relationship between B-H
B H ( weber / m2 ) or Tesla
B r 0 H ( wb / m ) or T 2
7
MAGNETIC EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT
Assumption:
•All fluxes are confined to the core
•The fluxes are uniformly distributed in the core
H .dl Ni Hl Ni F
Hl Ni F = Magnetomotive force (mmf)
H .2r Ni 8
MAGNETIC EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT
B H
Ni
H ( At / m )
l
Ni Where;
B (T )
l N – no of turns of coil
i – current in the coil
H – magnetic field intensity
l – mean length of the core 9
Magnetic Flux Density (B) and Magnetizing
Curve (B-H Curve)
10
Magnetic Flux Density (B) and Magnetizing
Curve (B-H Curve)
11
MAGNETIC EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT
BA( weber )
Ni Ni Ni F
A
l l R R
Where A
Ф – flux in the coil (wb)
F – magnetomotive force (mmf)
R – 1/μA = 1/P ,Reluctance
P = permeance
A – cross sectional area 12
ANALOGY BETWEEN MAGNETIC CIRCUIT
AND ELECTRIC CIRCUIT
Rc
lc Ni c
Bc
c Ac Rc Rg Ac
lg g
Rg Ni H clc H g I g Bg
g Ag Ag
15cm
l1 30cm
N=200turns
l2 15cm
A ferromagnetic core is shown in Figure above. Three sides of this core are of
uniform width, while the fourth side is somewhat thinner. The depth of the core
(into the page) is 10cm and the other dimensions are shown in figure. There is 200
turn coil wrapped around the left side of the core. Assuming relative permeability
r of 2500, how much flux will be produce by a 1A input current?
18
Solution Example
The mean path length of region 1 is 45cm and the cross-sectional area is 10 x 10
cm = 100cm2. Therefore, the reluctance in the first region is:
l1 l1
R1
A1 r o A1
0.45m
(2500)( 4x10 7 )(0.01m 2 )
14,300 A.turns / Wb
The mean path length of region 2 is 130cm and the cross-sectional area is 15 x 10
cm = 150cm2. Therefore, the reluctance in the second region is:
l2 l2
R2
A2 r o A2
1.3m
(2500)( 4x107 )(0.015m 2 )
27,600 A.turns / Wb 19
Solution Example
Req R1 R2
14,300 A.turns / Wb 27,600 A.turns / Wb
41,900 A.turns / Wb
The total magnetomotive force (MMF) is:
F 200 A.turns
R 41,900 A.turns / Wb
0.0048Wb
20
Assignment 3
15cm 30cm 15cm
15cm
30cm
N=200turns
lc 15cm
A ferromagnetic core is shown in Figure above. All side of this core are uniform
width. The depth of the core is 10cm. Assuming relative permeability r of 2500,
how much flux will be produce by a 1A input current?
21