The Liberators

•Simon Bolivar
•Miguel Hidalgo
•Francois Dominique Toussaint-L’Ouverture
 SIMON BOLIVAR 1783 - 1830
 Simón freed S. America
• Was one of South
America's greatest
generals.
• Defeated Spaniards/
leaders
• won independence for
Bolivia, Panama, Colombia,
Ecuador, Peru, and
Venezuela.
• He is called El Libertador
(The Liberator) and the
"George Washington of
South America."
 SIMON BOLIVAR
 Born in Caracas Venezuela,
orphaned at a very young
age but inherited a fortune
from his parents and
traveled to Europe for his
education.
 In 1810 he joined a group
of patriots and liberated
Venezuela from Spain. He
went to Great Britain in
search of aid and upon his
return he had to attempt to
liberate Venezuela again in
1813.
SIMON BOLIVAR
 The Spaniards forced
him to retreat from
Venezuela to New
Granada (now
Colombia), also at war
with Spain.
 He took command of a
Colombian force and
captured Bogotá in
1814. The patriots,
however, lacked men
and supplies, and new
defeats led Bolivar to
flee to Jamaica.
SIMON BOLIVAR
 In Haiti he gathered a
force that landed in
Venezuela in 1816
 He then returned to
Angostura and led the
congress that organized
the original republic of
Colombia (now Ecuador,
Colombia, Panama, and
Venezuela). Bolivar
became its first president
on December 17, 1819.
 SIMON BOLIVAR
 Bolivar crushed the
Spanish army at
Carabobo in Venezuela
on June 24, 1821.
 Next, he marched into
Ecuador and added
that territory to the
new Colombian
Republic.
 SIMON BOLIVAR
 Upper Peru became a
separate state, named
Bolivia in Bolivar's honor,
in 1825. The
constitution, which he
drew up for Bolivia, is
one of his most important
political
pronouncements.
 Brazil, Colombia, Costa
Rica, Ecuador, Guyana,
Honduras, Nicaragua,
Panama, Peru, Venezuela
 SIMON BOLIVAR
 Bolívar proclaimed
himself Dictator on
August 27, 1828
 An assassination
attempt on
September 25,
1828 failed, in part
thanks to the help
of his mistress,
Manuela Saenz.
 SIMON BOLIVAR
 Bolívar finally
resigned his
presidency on April 27,
1830, and planned to
sail to France.
 He died before setting
sail, after a painful
battle with
tuberculosis on
December 17, 1830,
SIMON BOLIVAR
 MIGUEL HIDALGO 1753 - 1811
 Fought for Mexico’s
independence with
Mestizos
 priest in 1778 when he was
25 years old
 promoted economic
activities for the poor
people in his area such as
establishing industries like
brickmaking, potting, and
leather production.
 resented/ hated the
mistreatment by the
Spanish-born population in
Mexico
 MIGUEL HIDALGO
• He was born in
Penjamo City,
Mexico.
• Hidalgo became
part of a group in
Queretaro which
eventually
conspired with him
to separate Mexico
from Spain.
 MIGUEL HIDALGO
• Hidalgo decided to call the
people of his parish to join
in the struggle of
independence in a speech
that is now known as the
Grito de Dolores.
 The Grito de Dolores ("Cry of
pain") was the battle cry of
the Mexican War of
Independence, uttered on
September 16, 1810 by
Hidalgo.
 MIGUEL HIDALGO
 On 24 December
1810 Hidalgo was
excommunicated
by the church.
 He was betrayed
and captured at
Acatitlan de Bajan,
Chihuahua on 21
March 1810.
 MIGUEL HIDALGO
 Hidalgo was
executed by firing
squad on
1 Aug 1811.
 Today, Hidalgo is
hailed as the
‘‘Father of the
Nation’’
Francois Dominique Toussaint-
L’Ouverture 1743 - 1803

• Helped FREE Haiti

 "the awakening of all
saints"
 Born a slave, received
education from his
Master
• Freed in 1776 at the
age of 33 when he
married.
 Toussaint-L’Ouverture
 1789 French
Revolution influenced
the start of the
Revolution in Haiti.
 In 1790, Vincent Oge
led the first rebelion
for freedom, but was
not successful. Oge
was captured and
excecuted.
 Toussaint-L’Ouverture
 L’Ouverture helped his  L’Ouverture trained
former Master and over 4000 rebels and
family escape, and in 1797 after a long
also got his own struggle for
family to safety. He independence
then joined the rebels Toussaint led enslaved
and eventually Africans to victory
became the leader. over Europeans,
abolished slavery, and
secured native control
over the colony.
 Toussaint-L’Ouverture
 Between the years 1800
and 1802, Toussaint
Louverture tried to rebuild
the collapsed economy of
Haiti and reestablish
commercial contacts with
the United States and
Great Britain.
 In command of the entire
island, Toussaint
Louverture dictated a
constitution that made him
governor-general for life
with near absolute powers.
Catholicism was made the
state religion.
Toussaint-L’Ouverture
 Toussaint Louverture
professed himself a
Frenchman and strove
to convince Bonaparte
of his loyalty.
 Napoleon Bonaparte
confirmed Toussaint
Louverture’s position
but considered him an
obstacle to the
restoration of Saint-
Domingue as a
profitable colony.
 Toussaint-L’Ouverture
 Denying that he was trying
to reinstate slavery,
Napoleon sent his brother-
in-law General Charles
Leclerc with thousands of
troups and numerous
warships to regain French
control of the island in
1802.
 Leclerc landed on the
island on January 20 and
moved against Toussaint
Louverture.
Toussaint-L’Ouverture
 On May 7, 1802,
Toussaint
Louverture signed
a treaty with the
French in Cap
Haitien, with the
condition that
there would be no
return to slavery.
 Toussaint-L’Ouverture
 Leclerc captured
L’Ouverture his
wife and three sons
and sent the to
France where they
were held
prisoners.
 Toussaint-L’Ouverture
 L’Ouverture was held at Fort de Joux and
died of Pneumonia in April 1803.
Similarities

• Wanted freedom!
• Fought for independence/ led armies &
wars
• Captured and killed before goal was
achieved
• Common enemy- Europeans