DESIGN OF FLEXIBLE

PAVEMENT

Presented by- Under guidance

of
Alok Ranjan Thakur (1541011023) Prof. Trilochan Jena
K. Tarun (1651011023)
Kunal Kishore (1541011221)
Mohini Kumari (1541011237)
 MATERIALS USED FOR PAVEMENT LAYER
The flexible pavement layers are constructed using the following basic
materials:
i. Selected granular soils with adequate permeability
ii. Stone aggregates in the granular base course
iii. Coarse aggregates , fine aggregates and bituminous binders in bituminous
pavement layers.
The characteristics, properties and important tests on the following highway
materials are done by us:
i. Soil
ii. Stone aggregates
iii. Bituminous binders
 STONE AGGREGATES
• Stone aggregates form the major portion of pavement structure and
they form the prime materials used in the construction of different
pavement layers.
• The aggregates used in pavement layers are subjected to impact due to
heavy moving wheel loads. Therefore the aggregates used in pavement
layers should have resistance to impact or possess toughness property.
• The desirable properties of the aggregates may be summarized as
follows:
i. Resistance to impact or toughness
ii. Resistance to abrasion or hardness
iii. Resistance to crushing or crushing strength
iv. Good shape factors
 BITUMINOUS BINDERS
Bituminous binders use in pavement construction works are bitumen
and tar. Bituminous binders are very commonly used in surface course
of pavements, they are also used in the binders and base course of
flexible pavements to withstand relatively adverse conditions of traffic
and climate.
In general bitumen should possess the following desirable properties:
1. The viscosity of the bitumen should be adequate.
2. Bitumen binder should possess ductility
3. Bituminous binder should be susceptible to high temperature
4. It should have sufficient adhesion with aggregate.
AGGERGATE IMPACT TEST(IS:2386-PART-4-1963)

• It is done to assess the toughness or resistance to impact.

• Since road aggregates are subjected to impact or pounding action it is
necessary that it must be sufficiently to resist fracture under impact
loads.
• In this test our aggregate impact value test was found to be 27.27%
• So according to IS values our aggregate sample is satisfactory for road
surfacing and hence can be used in road construction.
 PENETRATION TEST(IS:1203-1978)
• It is used to determine to determine the consistency of bitumen by
indirect methods.
• It is also widely used for classifying the bitumen into different grades.
• In the lab test performed penetration value was found to be 47.6 mm
using indirect methods.
• According to IS values if penetration lies between 40 mm -60 mm then
the grade of bitumen is VG40.
• So grade of our bitumen sample was found to VG40.
CRUSHING VALUE TEST(IS:2386-PART-4-1963)

• The stone aggregates used should possess satisfactory resistance to

crushing under roller and application of heavy wheel loads during its
service life.
• The strength of coarse aggregate can be assessed by aggregate
crushing test, it provides relative measure of resistance.
• In test performed at lab crushing value of aggregate was found to be
21.32%.
• According to IS values if value is <25% then it can be used for
wearing surface of roadways.
 SOFTENING POINT TEST(IS:1205:1978)
• It is the temperature at which a substance attains a particular degree of
softening under specified conditions
• The softening point of bitumen is determined by ring and ball test.
• In lab test performed softening point was found to be 54°C
• The softening point of bitumen should be between 35°C to 70°C
• Higher the softening point lesser the temperature susceptibility
• Harder grade of bitumen posses higher softening point
 ABRASION TEST(IS:2386-PART-4-1963)
• Due to movement of traffic stones are subjected to wearing action at
top surface.
• Resistance to wearing is hence an essential property for road
aggregates.
• In lab test we considered the sample of grade B, so our resulting
abrasion value was 31%.
• So according to IS values as the aggregate sample can be used in
bituminous concrete surface.
 DUCTILITY TEST (IS:1208-1978)
• This test gives ductility value of bitumen
• The binder material which does not possess sufficient ductility would crack and
thus provide pervious pavement surface
• The test is believed to measure the adhesive property of bitumen and its ability to
stretch
• The ductility value varies from 5 to over 100 cm for different grades of bitumen.
• The ISI specified minimum Ductility value of 75cm for the bitumen of grade 45
and above.

• From the test, Ductility value =78 cm.

 FUTURE STUDY
• Performance analysis of the flexible pavement
• Life cycle cost analysis of the pavement
 REFERENCES
• Khanna S.K., Justo C.E.G. “Highway Engineering”, published by
Nem Chand & Bros, Civil Lines, Roorkee 247667, India. Ninth
Edition (2011)
• IS codes for test on bitumen and aggregates.