The verity that ascertains waste as one of the contributors to greenhouse gas emission leads the discourse to enter the limelight. Formulating
suitable waste management scheme for developing countries such as Indonesia would require careful considerations that take into account the specific local
context. This paper argues that in view of decentralization planning in Indonesia, the roles of local government and citizens in waste management are more
imperative than ever. In addition, the waste hierarchy that was recently devised by the government puts waste prevention and reduction at-source as the
highest priority. This paper serves to provide an overview of current practices in waste management that takes the perspectives of the citizens as the end-
users and the government as the regulator. The practices of solid waste management in Jakarta are observed at the municipality and community level in
order to suggest further approaches to enable the initiative as a sustainable long-term solution. In reflecting the role of end-users in the management of waste,
three requirements must be met: creation of incentives, markets of recycled products, and robust policy making to regulate proper implementation.

Introduction
      

"
 

Currently there are areas in Jakarta that already
operates waste management with µ3R program¶.
These areas can reduce waste of up to 485 ton
per day, which is around 7% of the total waste
generation. Among them, there are several
communities that are actively supporting the
neighborhood-based waste management, such as
Rawajati community. For the
purpose of this research, the
three main actors behind the
initiative were interviewed
and the waste management
practices at the community level were observed.
This research applies qualitative research
methods of which field observation, surveys
and interviews were conducted with pertinent
stakeholders such as the Cleansing
Department, Ministry of Environment, Ministry
of Public Works, and the community leaders of
Rawajati ward. Secondary data were obtained
from the Indonesia Statistical Agency, policy
documents and research papers conducted by
the relevant government agencies.
Objective: to identify the existing systems of
municipal solid waste management in Jakarta with
emphasis on the roles of householders as end-
users & government as regulators of waste
management. Research questions are as follows:
1. What are the key actors and determinants of the
present operational system of MSW management
in Jakarta?
2. What are the barriers of present scheme of
decentralized MSW management that underline the
importance of support from community members?
3. What is the actual & potential future role of
community support in the context of MSW man¶t?

Community supports in neighborhood-based waste management in Jakarta


   ‰ m
    
 
!   

 
   
The household members sort the
Rawajati ward has been successful in motivating the wastes into three different categories:
„
community to implement the community waste
„ „  „
a) organic, b) inorganic, and c)
management program, which then inspired another „ 

„ 
„ 
 „„ hazardous & chemical waste.
r
communities to do the same. Their achievements in

 „ ð
 
     
  

„
waste management had been acknowledged 

„  
through various awards by the Indonesian 
„
Using handcarts, labors collect and
 
government. The community incorporates the transport waste to transfer station.
„
integrated waste management, which also takes into
„„

 
     
   


„

„ The wastes that are pooled at the
account the waste sorting at-source, through the „„
provisioning of garbage bins for organic and
„ „ „ transfer site are transported to the final
disposal site Bantar Gebang in Bekasi
inorganic wastes, provide the waste pooling places
by trucks.
and recycling of inorganic waste.

Barriers and prospects of community-supported neighborhood based waste management

|
 
# 
 
|


‡ The Government Regulation that serves as ‡ Insufficient infrastructure, which results in the ‡ Enable successors to lead the
the regulation for implementation of waste service cover that cannot reach all Jakarta operations for a certain period of time.
management is not yet released. population. ‡ Need to raise the awareness of public
‡ Municipalities continue to operate waste ‡ Inadequacy of available financing for on the current waste crisis faced by
management scheme without proper promotion of 3R and community waste Jakarta in order to encourage voluntary
mechanism management for the reduction of waste measures on the reduction of waste at
‡ No stringent measures or law that regulates generation. households.
the sanctions against illegal dumping, ‡ Lack of people¶s awareness on existing ‡ Creation of incentives to be
improper treatment and disposal of waste. problems on waste and public relies heavily incorporated in the Regional Regulation
‡ Community initiatives are voluntary, not many on disposable goods ‡ Government and private sectors may
communities are willing to apply the initiative. ‡ Rapid urbanization that leads to high take part in marketing of recycled
‡ The financing of SWM largely relies on the residents¶ mobility requires frequent goods.
Regional Budgets with allocated funds of only information dissemination.
2,9% of the total Budget in 2010. ‡ Commitment and involvement of community
leaders = and


 
householders to sustain the
1. Despite the decentralization legislation, the MSW management in Indonesia
initiative applies due
is decreasing both todecentralized
unavailableand centralized systems. Decentralized system
signifies the high level of citizen participation; whereas centralized system
incentives. signifies the role of government to transport waste from transfer stations to the
landfill and the intermediate treatment facilities.
‡ Limited niche market for selling recycled
2. The state government already devised the national law that is yet to be translated as regional regulations that serve as implementation guidelines on waste
products.
management. The current implementation of waste management is scattered without clear guidelines and is based on self-regulating mechanisms within the
neighborhood units. Retributions are not collected from citizens and the financing relies on Regional Budgets.
3. Jakarta encompasses high urbanization level that leads to the emerging temporary residents that pose a threat to the sustainability of initiative. However,
limited human and financial resources hinder the possibilities of frequent outreach programs for new members of the community to partake the initiative. While
collective citizen-participation evolves in the typically low-to-medium income community, it cannot prevail without the existence of market mechanism &
appealing stimulus.
4. The actual role of end-users in MSW management is, by and large; 1) to sort, recover, and reduce the volume of household waste at-source, 2) to organize
mechanism of recycling activities from the recovered waste; and 3) to organize the transportation mechanism from households to the transfer stations.