BET2492

CONSTRUCTION SAFETY
Lecture 1: Health and Safety Foundation
COURSE DESCRIPTION AND
SYLLABUS
 COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES
Upon completion of the class, it is expected that student will be able to:
• CO1: Recognize the local Act and regulations related to construction safety
• CO2: Identify the hazardous materials, substances and unsafe practices at
construction industry
• CO3: Assess the level of risk and safety of work places compliance to the
national safety regulation.
• CO4: Outline a proposal to enhance and increases a safer work practices in
construction industries.
 COURSE ASSESSMENT
Assessment Distribution
Quizzes 10%

Assignment 10%

Test I 20%

Group project 20%

Final Exam 40%

Total 100%
 TEACHING AND LEARNING METHODS

• Lecture
• In-class activities
• Discussions
• E-learning and in-class learning tools
 LEARNING OUTCOME

• LO1: List the laws related to construction safety

• LO2: Explain the role and functions of health and safety personnel
• LO3: Discuss the factors that influence safety performance
• LO4: Examine the aspects that helps creating safety culture at work
INTRODUCTION
ARTICLES IN THE MEDIA
 SAFETY TERMS

• Safety – absent of danger

• Danger – exposure to a hazard
• Hazard – potential to cause harm
• Harm vary in severity:
• Fatal death
• Serious illness / disability
• Minot cut or bruises
 SAFETY TERMS
• Forms of hazards:
• Chemical
• Physical
• Biological
• Ergonomics
• Psychological
• Health – state of physical well-being of a worker or an employee
 SAFETY MANAGEMENT

• Definition: Managing safety, health and welfare of the workers at a workplace in an

organization
• A process of:
• Planning of health safety – policies and objectives
• Leading and directing safe work culture
• Organizing safety and health program
• Coordination of safety programs and training
• Control of accidents, preventions and investigation
 SAFETY MANAGEMENT
Planning policies, objectives Top management
and resources

Leadership and All management levels

commitment

Organizing safety and Management and

health programs employees

Measuring performance and

effectiveness
Management

Review and control

 OSH GOVERNING BODIES

• Ministry of Human Resource – encompass workers and employers state of

safety, health, welfare and human resources matters
• Ministry of Trade and Regulations – ensure potential investors oblige and
comply with regulations
• National Council for Occupational and Safety Health (NIOSH) - provide
training, research and consultation regarding safety at workplace to public
 OSH GOVERNING BODIES

• Dept. of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) – enforce the OSH law and
regulations and monitoring
• Local fire department, town councils and government authorities
• SIRIM – provide certification for OSHAS for any interested organizations
• Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) – provide Green Card
Program and provides safety training
 MALAYSIAN OSHA ACT (1994)

• OSHA – Occupational Safety and Health Act

• Act 514, 1994
• Purpose – secure the safety, health and welfare of the people
at work against risks to safety or health at work
 FACTORIES AND MACHINERY ACT (FMA)
1967
• provide for the control of factories on matters relating to the safety, health
and welfare of persons, and the registration and inspection of machinery.
• high risk machinery - boilers, unfired pressure vessels, passenger lifts and
other lifting equipment such as mobile cranes, tower cranes, passenger
hoists and overhead traveling cranes must be certified and inspected by
DOSH.
 FMA ACT 139

• Provide control of factories related to safety, health & welfare of persons at

work, and any matters related to registration & inspection of machinery
• Specify dangerous occurrence, types of serious bodily injury & industrial
diseases.
• Specify powers of Inspectors, obstruction and offences
 FMA ACT 139

• Specify requirement for machinery – steam boilers, unfired

pressure vessels, gas cylinders, transmission machinery, hoisting
machines & etc.
• Specify duties of persons employed and occupier, person in
charge & certificate of competency.
• Instruct al machinery to have written approval, valid certificate of
fitness & periodically inspection by Inspector
 FMA OBJECTIVES

• Control of factories operations with respect to safety, health and welfare of

persons.
• Registration & inspection of machinery
 APPLICATION
• OSHA 1994 supersedes the FMA 1967 in the event of
any conflict
• FMA 1967 applies to mainly factories & construction
sites
• FMA & OSHA – enabling act (give power to minister
to gazette detail regulations)
• Contain some general provision on safety, health and
welfare.
• FMA – limited to manufacturing industry, mining,
quarrying & construction
• No detail provisions on specific matters – detail
provision are stipulated under the regulations.
 ARRANGEMENT

• Part 1 – Preliminary
• Part 2 – Safety, health and welfare
• Part 3 – Persons-in-charge & certificates of competency
• Part 4 – Notification of accidents, dangerous occurrence & dangerous
diseases
• Part 5 – Notice of occupation of factory & registration & use of
machinery
• Part 6 - General
 PART 1 - PRELIMINARY

• Definition of Factory
• Premises & its boundaries
• Within the premises there is manual labor doing process of making, altering, repairing
ornamenting, finishing, cleaning, washing, breaking, demolishing, constructing, fitting,
adjusting.
• The process must be for trading any business
 PART 2 – SAFETY, HEALTH & WELFARE

• Key points:
• Premises must be designed with safe access to work areas, material &
goods must be safely stacked (S.10)
• Machinery must be properly constructed & dangerous parts must be
fenced (S.14,15,16)
• Employees must not misuse safety & health equipment (S.20)
• Employees must not to endanger himself or other person
 PART 2 – SAFETY, HEALTH & WELFARE

• Premises must be kept clean with adequate space, ventilation, lighting &
toilets (S.22)
• Persons must be supplied with adequate facilities for clothing, storage,
drinking, water, first aid & washing facilities (S.25)
• Employees must be trained on safety of machinery (S.26)
PART 3: PERSONS-IN-CHARGE & CERTIFICATES OF
COMPETENCY

• Machinery operators must be adequately trained or under the supervision of

a trained person (S.26)
• Young persons (<16) must not operate machinery (S.28)
PART 4: NOTIFICATION OF ACCIDENTS, DANGEROUS
OCCURRENCE & DANGEROUS DISEASE

• The occupier must notify the nearest Inspector of accidents &

diseases include:
• Loss of life
• Injury to a person who loses more than 4 days work loss injury time
• Serious damage to machinery or other property (S.31)
• Inspectors may investigate accidents & dangerous occurrence & hold
inquiries on more serious cases (S.33)
 PART 5: NOTICE OF OCCUPATION OF FACTORY &
REGISTRATION & USE OF MACHINERY
• Notify DOSH within 3 months of the intended start
date (S.34)
• Building operations must be notified if last more
than 6 weeks (S.35)
• Changes to the use of factory or machinery must be
notified to DOSH
• Fills standard form with (a) layout plan of factory, (b)
list of manufactured products, (c) list of machines to
be used, (d) list of chemicals, toxic or flammable
substance, (e) detail flow chart of work process
 PART 6 - GENERAL

• General penalty RM 2000

• Certain sections with penalty RM5000 (S.51)
 REGULATIONS
• FMA (Certificate of Competency Examination)
Regulations 1970 (Revised 1988)
• FMA (Electrical Passenger & Goods Lifts)
Regulations 1970
• FMA (Fencing of Machinery & Safety) Regulations
1970 (Revised 1988)
• FMA (Notification, Certificate of Fitness &
Inspection) Regulations, 1970
• FMA (Person-in-Charge) Regulations, 1970 (Revised
1988)
 REGULATIONS
• FMA (Safety, Health & Welfare) Regulations, 1970
• FMA (Steam Boilers & Unfired Pressure Vessels)
Regulations, 1970
• FMA (Administration) Regulations, 1970
• FMA (Compounding of Offences) Rules, 1978
• FMA (Compoundable Offences) Regulations, 1978
• FMA (Lead) Regulations, 1986
 REGULATIONS

• FMA (Asbestos Process) Regulations 1986

• FMA (Building Operations & Works of Engineering Construction) (Safety)
Regulations, 1989
• FMA (Noise Exposure) Regulations, 1989
 REGULATIONS

• FMA (Mineral Dust) Regulations 1989

• FMA (Notification, Certificate of Fitness & Inspection) (Amendment)
Regulations 2004
• FMA (Steam Boilers & Unfired Pressure Vessels) (Amendment) Regulations
2005
 FMA 67 VS OSHA 94
ACT FMA 1967 OSHA 1994

Known as Act 139 Act 514

Application Prescriptive  Self regulation
Too dependent on government  Responsibilities to employer
and employees
Consultation

Scope Only factories & machinery Occupational (as per Schedule

1)
Exception On board ships On board of ships
Armed Forces Armed Forces
Ministry Human Resource Human Resource
Department/Enforcement Factory & Machinery Department DOSH
Training & Research - NIOSH
Regulations 11 Safety 9 Policy/SHO/Chemicals
4 Health
2 Amendments (2004/05)
Guidelines - 49 (till end 2011)
 OSHA 1994

• Philosophy & Guiding Principles

• “Responsibilities to ensure safety & health at the workplace lies on
those who create the RISK and those who work with the RISK
 OSHA 1994 - Objectives

• To secure the safety, health & welfare of persons at work

• To protect person (other than person at work) against hazard
• To promote the occupational environment
• Adaptable to the person’s physiological & psychological needs
• An enabling act based on regulations & industrial codes of
practice in combination with the provisions of the act
 OSHA 1994 vs FMA 1967
• Application
• OSHA 1994 supersedes the FMA 1967 in the event of any
conflict
• FMA 1967 applies to mainly factories & construction sites
• FMA & OSHA – enabling act (give power to minister to
gazette detail regulations)
• FMA contains some general provision on safety, health &
welfare
• FMA limited to manufacturing industry, mining &
quarrying and construction
• FMA do not contain detail provisions on specific matters
(Detail provisions are stipulated under the regulations)
 DISCUSSION

• The safety practices in the industry

• How effective is the safety management in Malaysian construction job
sites?

Please upload your discussion on my Padlet page.