ABU BAKAR BAGINDA

Substation

EET 3086 SWITCHGEAR AND PROTECTION 1

 LIOW SER KHENG 1021179395
 LIM WEI LIANG 1021125410
 SIOW JATSHERN 1021115960
 TAN CHEE SIANG 1021115778

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ABU BAKAR BAGINDA
Substation

 132kV substation
 Step down voltage to 33kV & 11kV and
distribute to consumer.
 Getting generation supply from Serdang.
 In all TNB substation, the 3 phase system is
indicate by red, yellow, blue colour code.

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Substation Equipment
 Bus bar
 Generator
 Transformer
 Circuit Breaker
 Isolator
 Lightning arrester
 Current transformer
 Power transformer

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Bus Bar
 This substation having 2 three phase bus bar which
are main bus bar and reserve bus bar.
 The both bus bar are live.
 The maintenance of the bus bar are done every four
years.
 During maintenance one bus bar is shut down and
all the load switch to one bus bar only.
 The bus bar rating that used in the substation is
3000A, 132kV.

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Surge/ Lightning Arrester
 The one we see in the substation is valve-type
lightning arrester.
 It work as an insulator at normal system voltage but
it become a good conductor of low resistance to limit
lightning voltage to a value lower than the basic
impulse level of the equipment being protected. It re-
establishes itself as an insulator after the discharge
of the surge current.
 The rating for the lightning arrester is 20kA.

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Circuit Breaker
 The one we see in the substation is sulphur
hexafluoride (SF6).
 It only occupied small space.
 The circuit breaker rating for this substation is
1600A.
 There is one coupler circuit breaker in this
substation and its rating is 3000A.

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Transformer
 The transformer step down the 132kV to 33kV and
11kV.
 The transformer for stepping down 132kV to 33kV is
wye-delta connected so it have a earthing
transformer.
 The transformer for stepping down 132kV to 11kV is
wye-wye connected so it no need the earthing
transformer.
 The earthing transformer is the supply to the control
room.
 The rating for the 132/33kV transformer is 90MVA
and the 132/11kV is 30 MVA.

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 132KV to 33KV

132KV to 11KV

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Current Transformer
 The current Transformer that we see in the
substation is oil-filled type.
 The size is bigger than the circuit breaker
which use the SF6 as the insulation.
 The current transformer ratio is 1600:1.

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Voltage/ Potential Transformer
 Voltage transformers are used to reduce the
system voltage to levels low enough to suit
the ratings of the protective relays.
 The rating of the voltage transformer used in
this substation is 132kV:110V

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Isolator/ Disconnector
 Isolator is used to isolate the fault section.
 It only can be open after the circuit breaker is
trips.
 If the isolator is open before the circuit
breaker is trip, it may cause fire in the
substation.

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Control Room
 The control of the substation is done in this room.
 The supply of the control room is come from the
earthing transformer.
 In the control room is consist many type of relay
which used for the protection.
 All the relay being used in this substation is
numerical relay.
 The phase to ground fault is the most common fault
in this substation.

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Transformer Protection
 The transformer is control by the remote tap
changing control panel which is automated.
 The transformer is protected using the transformer
differential protection scheme.
 The back-up protection for the transformer is over
current protection scheme.
 Since the primary protection is unit protection so the
back-up protection cannot be unit protection.

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Bus Bar Protection
 The bus bar is being protected using the current
differential protection scheme.
 Current differential is the unit protection which will
only detect the internal fault.
 The current transformer ratio have to be choose
properly to avoid undesired trip due to the CT
saturation when there is the external fault.
 The back-up protection is over current protection
scheme.

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Transmission Line Protection
 The transmission line is being protected
using distance protection.
 MHO relay is used for the distance
protection.
 Current transformer and voltage transformer
are needed in this protection scheme in order
to measured the impedance of the line.

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Circuit Breaker Tripping
 For 132kV and below, 3-pole tripping method is in
used and for above 132kV the single pole tripping
method is in used.
 This substation is using the 3-pole tripping method.
 This mean all 3 phase will be tripped during the
fault.
 For 3-pole tripping it only need a circuit breaker but
for single pole tripping it need 3 circuit breaker
because it need each for one phase.

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