Introduction to FBS VI

• To learn control systems including Nerve- and

Endocrine system.
• Reproductive System will also be learned as part
of endocrine glands and setting of hormonal
action.
• Major departments involved: Anatomy, Histology
and Physiology.
• FBS VI is conducted in 3 weeks and makes up 3
SCU.

• Good luck and have a nice time during FBS VI.

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Nerve Tissue
Wida Purbaningsih, dr.

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 LECTURE CONTENT
• General organization of nerve system.
• Neuron.
• CNS
• Supporting cell (Neuroglia)
• Ganglia
• Sense organs/receptors

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 NERVE TISSUE
Anatomical the nervous
system is divided into
(2) :
1. Central nervous system
(2)
• Brain
• Spinal cord
2. Peripheral nervous
system (2)
• Nerve fibers
• Nerve ganglia 4
The two fundamental functions of the
nervous system :
1. Detect, analyze, integrate, and transmit all
information generated by sensory stimuli
(such as heat and light) and by mechanical
and chemical change that take place in the
internal and external milieu.
2. Organize and coordinate, most functions of
the body, especially the motor, visceral,
endocrine and mental activities.

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Nerve tissue consists of 2 cell type :

1. Nerve cell (neuron)

2. Glial cell (neuroglia, supporting cell)

• Astrocytes

• Oligodendrocytes

• Microglia

• Ependymal cell

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Neuron

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Schematic drawing of a Nissl-stained motor neuron

The myelin sheath is produced by

oligodendrocytes in the central
nervous system and by Schwann
cells in the peripheral nervous
system. The neuronal cells body has
an unusually large, euchromatic
nucleus with a well developed
nucleolus. The perikaryon contains
Nissl bodies, which are also found
in large dendrites. An axon from
another neuron is shown at upper
right. It has 3 end bulbs, one of
which forms a synapse with the
neuron. Note also to striates skeletal
muscle fibers. Arrows show the
direction of the nerve impulse.
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 3 Jenis Neuron Utama
• Neuron multipolar  > 2 juluran satu axon,
yang lainnya dendrit

• Neuron bipolar  satu axon satu dendrit

• Neuron pseudounipolar  satu juluran dekat

perikarion bercabang 2
3 Jenis Neuron Utama
Pyramidal cell Purkinje cell Neuron of
(cerebral (cerebellum) optical area Diagrams of several types of
cortex)
Central neuron
of the neuron. The morphologic
autonomic
nervous system
characteristics of neurons are
Hypophyseal Ganglionic
secreting neuron of the
neuron autonomic very complex. All neurons
nervous system
Spinal cord
motor shown here, except for the
neuron
bipolar and pseudounipolar

neurons. Which are not very

numerous in nerve tissue, are

of the common multipolar

variety.

Bipolar neurons Pseudounipolar 11

neurons
 Astrocytes

• Berbentuk seperti bintang, memiliki banyak juluran memancar

• Mengikat neuron pada kapiler dan pada piamater
• Berperan dalam pengendalian lingkungan ionik dan kimiawi neuron
• Berperan dalam proses perbaikan barrier darah otak
• Berperan dalam pertukaran metabolik
ASTROSYT
 NEUROGLIA

1. Perivascular
fibrous astrocyte

3. Oligodendrocytes
2. Processes of the
perivascular
fibrous astrocyte 4. Vascular pedicle
(foot plate) of a fibrous
astrocyte

5. Fibrous astrocyte
cells body and nucleus
6. Processes of a
fibrous astrocyte

7. Reticular fibers
surrounding a capillary

Fibrous Astrocytes of the brain 14

 Oligodendrocytes

• Memiliki sedikit juluran yang membungkus axon

• Menghasilkan selubung mielin yang membentuk
penyekat listrik pada susunan saraf pusat
 Microglia

• Sel kecil berbentuk memanjang dengan juluran-

juluran pendek irregular
• Inti sel panjang dan padat
• Sel fagosit mononukleus, sel pengenal antigen
 Ependymal Cell

• Sel epitel kolumner rendah bersilia

• Melapisi rongga-rongga Susunan saraf pusat
 Schwann Cell
• Berlokasi di sekitar axon pada Susunan saraf
tepi
• Satu sel schwann membentuk mielin
(sebagai penyekat listrik) di sekeliling satu
axon
Neuron di jaringan saraf

Neuron
 SUSUNAN SARAF PUSAT
• Substansia putih (subst. alba)

- komponen utamanya axon yang

bermielin dan oligodendrosit yang
memproduksi mielin

- tidak mengandung badan sel neuron

• Substansia kelabu (subst. grisea)

- Mengandung badan sel neuron, dendrit,

bagian awal axon, dan sel glia

- Terdapat di korteks (permukaan)

 Substansia kelabu

A : Astrocytes
N : Neurones
O : Oligodendrocytes
• Pada korteks cerebri, substansia kelabu terdiri
dari 6 lapis sel

• Pada korteks cerebelli, substansia kelabu

terdiri dari 3 lapis sel
 NEUROGLIA

1. Neuron 4. Protoplasmic
astrocyte

2. Oligodendrocyte
type II

5. Oligodendrocyte
type I
3. Capillary
6. Oligodendrocyte
processes
surrounding
nerve fibers

Oligodendrocytes of the brain

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 NEUROGLIA

1. Microglia 3. Neuron cell

body

4. Microglia : cell
body

5. Microglial
processes showing
the characteristic
2. Endothelial cell “spiny” appearance
of a capillary
6. Capillary

7. Erythrocytes in
a capillary

Microglia of the brain

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Meningens
Meningens

Arachnoid mater

Sulci

Pia mater
 Meningens
Arachnoid mater

Subarachnoid
space
Fibrous strands
Vessel

Vessel

Pia mater

Perivascular space
 Cerebrum & Cerebellum
• Substansia putih
(subst. alba/white
matter)
- komponen utamanya axon
yang bermielin dan
oligodendrosit yang
memproduksi mielin
- tidak mengandung badan sel
neuron
- Terdapat di bagian medula
(bagian dalam)
 Substansia kelabu
Pada korteks cerebri, substansia
kelabu terdiri dari 6 lapis sel

Pada korteks cerebelli, substansia

kelabu terdiri dari 3 lapis sel

A : Astrocytes
N : Neurones
O : Oligodendrocytes
 Cerebral cortex
Terdiri atas 6 lapisan

Paling superficial, terdiri atas sel-sel neuroglia

• Molecular layer

b. External granular layer

Berisi sel-sel pyramidal yang kecil

c. External pyramidal layer

Berisi sel-sel pyramidal ukuran medium

d. Internal granular layer

Berisi sel-sel granular

e. Internal pyramidal layer

Berisi sel-sel pyramidal ukuran besar

f. Multiforme layer
Lapisan paling dalam
 Cortex cerebelli
• Terdiri atas 3 lapisan
a. Molecular layer
Paling superficial, terdiri dari
sel-sel stelat dan juluran
dendrit sel purkinye

b. Lapisan tengah
Lapisan sel-sel purkinye yang
besar dan berbentuk khas
dengan dendrit yang
berkembang sempurna sehingga
menyerupai kipas menjulur ke
lapisan molekular

c. Granular layer
Terdiri atas sel-sel granular yang
sangat kecil yang padat
 1. Posterior spinal vessel
(vein) 2. Dorsolateral sulcus
3. Dorsolateral fasciculus 16. Posterior median
sulcus and septum
(of Lissauer)
4. Dorsal root
fibers 17. Posterior
5. Posterior gray intermediate
septum
horn 18. Fasciculus gracillis
19. Fasciculus
6. Lateral white 20.cuneatus
Substantia gelatinosa
color
7. Central canal 21. Reticular process
8. Anterior white and reticular nucleus
commissure 22. Nucleus dorsalis
9. Pia meter (column of Clark
23. Lateral intermediate
10. Subarachnoid column and lateral
sympathetic nucleus
space 24. Medial and lateral
11. Arachnoid motor nuclei in anterior
grayFilaments
25. horn of ventral
roots in anterior white
12. Subdural space 26.column
Pia meter with blood
vessels in anterior
13. Dura fissure
14.mater
Ventral 27. Anterior median sulcus
root15. anterior spinal
artery and vein

Pada medula spinalis, substansia putih berada di tepi dan substansia

kelabu di bagian tengah berbentuk huruf H
Neuron pada medula spinalis besar dan multipolar terutama pada kornu
anterior, di mana terdapat peran motorik yang besar
Medulla Spinalis

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 Table : Comparisons of central and peripheral nervous
systems and associated terminology

Comparison Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System

Component Brain and spinal cord Peripheral nerves, ganglia

and nerve plexuses

Term(s) for collections of Gray matter (localized groups Ganglia (V) eg. The spinal (or
nerve cell bodies of cells bodies in the gray dorsal root) ganglia and
matter are called nuclei) sympathetic chain ganglia

Term for collections of White matter Peripheral nerves

myelinated axons

Types of supporting cells Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells and satellite

microglia and ependymal cells
present cells
Cell type that forms the Oligodendrocytes Schwann cells
myelin

None Schwann cells

Supporting cell type that
invests unmyelinated fibers
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Four consecutive phases of myelin formation
in peripheral nerve fibers.

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37
 Peripheral Nerve

Perineurium

Fascicle

Epineurium

Epineurium
Ganglia :
Peripheral cluster of neuron cell bodies, called ganglia

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 1. Myelinated
fibers and 1. Bundle of
fibroblast nerve fibers

2. Nucleus and 2. Satellite cells

nucleus of a
ganglion cell
3. Light and dark ganglion
3. Capsule cells
cells; neuroplasm with
(nuclei)
Nissl bodies
4. Intercellular
4. Fibroblasts
area
5. Lipochrome 5. Satellite cells
pigment
6. Ganglion cells
6. Satellite cells with irregular
(nuclei) outlines and
eccentric nuclei
7. Bundle of
7. Capsule cells (nuclei) nerve fibers
8. Fibroblasts
(nuclei) in the
endoneurium
Section of a dorsal root Section of a sympathetic trunk
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ganglion ganglion
Sense organs :

Information about the external world is conveyed to

the central nervous system by sensory units
consisting :

1. A neuron with its cell body located in a dorsal

(posterior) root ganglion or a cranial nucleus.

2. Peripheral dendritic arborizations of the

neuron

3. The central connection of this neuron to

higher brain centers.
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Classification (3) :
1. Relationship between the receptor and the nervous
system :
a. Neuronal receptor :
- Cutaneous sense organs
- Proprioceptors
b. Epithelial receptor :
- Retinal photoreceptors
- Hair cells in the inner ear
- Sensory cells in taste buds
c. Neuroepithelial receptor :
- Sensory of the olfactory epithelium
2. Adequate stimulus
3. Presence or absence of a capsule 42
Classification of sensory receptors by adequate stimulus

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 Panician Meissner

Free Ruffini Krause Several types of

endings sensory endings of
nerves

Muscle spindle Golgi tendon organ

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Free Nerve Endings
Merkel cells

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 Meissner's Corpuscles

E : Epidermis

Meissner’s
corpuscle

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 Meissner's Corpuscles

Meissner’s Epidermis
corpuscle

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 Pacinian Corpuscles

Pacinian
corpuscle

Pacinian
corpuscle

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Pacinian Corpuscles

Pacinian
corpuscle

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Neuromuscular Spindle

Capsule

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 Epilogue
You know now……
• General organization of the nervous system.
• Neuron.
• Supporting cell (Neuroglia)
• Ganglia – Medulla Spinalis – Cerebellum –Cerebrum
• Sense organs/receptors

Finally….. Thanks for your attention and any

comments?

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