ITU-T G.984.1 • This Recommendation describes a flexible optical fibre access network capable of supporting the bandwidth rates of 2.4 Gbit/s in the downstream direction and 1.2 Gbit/s and 2.4 Gbit/s in the upstream direction.
This proposes the general characteristics for GPON
based on the operators requirement. Architecture of the Optical access network
OAN is the set of access links sharing the same
network-side interfaces and supported by optical access transmission systems. The prominent access technologies are Digital subscriber loop (DSL), Hybrid fiber coax (HFC), Wireless fidelity (WiFi), Fiber-to-the-x (FTTX) Fiber-to-the-x (FTTX) Fiber access systems are also referred to as Fiber-to-the-x (FTTx) system, where ‘‘x’’ can be ‘‘home,’’ “building”, ‘‘curb,’’ ‘‘premises,’’ etc. Increasing demand of high-bandwidth applications have motivated the introduction of fiber to the home (FTTH) to provide new high-speed services.
Fig. Network architecture
Passive Optical Network The optical section of a local access network system can be either active or passive and its architecture can be either point-to-point or point-to-multipoint. Passive optical network (PON) is one of the FTTH implementations that has become a good solution for access networks. Reference configuration of GPON
Fig. Reference configuration for GPON
• Service Node interface: The interface at reference points S/R and R/S is defined as IFPON. • User-network interface (UNI) It is a demarcation point between the responsibility of the service provider and the responsibility of the subscriber. UNI is defined as the interface that is described by a well-known standard; includes a physical layer aspect. UNI Service 10BASE-T ([b-IEEE 802.3]) Ethernet [b-ITU-T I.430] ISDN (BRI) [b-ITU-T G.703] DS3, ATM, E1, E3
• Logical reach is the maximum distance between ONU/ONT and OLT except for the limitation of the physical layer. In GPON, the maximum logical reach is defined as 60 km.
• Physical reach is the maximum physical distance between the ONU/ONT
and the OLT. In GPON, two options are defined for the physical reach: 10 km and 20 km. It is assumed that 10 km is the maximum distance over which FP-LD can be used in the ONU for high bit rates such as 1.25 Gbit/sec above. Maximum mean signal transfer delay The mean signal transfer delay is the average of the upstream and downstream delay values between reference points. This value is determined by measuring round-trip delay and then dividing by 2. Specifically, GPON system must have a maximum mean signal transfer delay time of less than 1.5 ms between T-V. Split ratio
• Optical splitter, also known as beam splitter, is one kind of
integrated waveguide optical power distribution device based on a quartz substrate. • A fiber splitter is one of the most important passive components in the whole FTTH network system. There are two types of splitters in our current FTTH application: FBT Splitter PLC Splitter • PLC SPLITTER Provides a better solution for applications with larger split configurations. The waveguides are fabricated by using lithography onto a silica glass substrate, which allows for routing specific percentages of light. As a result, the PLC splitter offers very accurate splits with minimal loss in an efficient package. Protection on the PON section • The delivery of high quality and highly reliable service requires enhancement of survivability and network protection. • There are two types of protection switching: i) Automatic switching (fault detection-loss of signal, loss of frame, signal degrade) ii) Forced switching (administrative events - fibre rerouting, fibre replacement ). • The switching mechanism is generally realized by the OAM function, therefore, the required OAM information field should be reserved in the OAM frame. • Upstream networking protection includes link aggregation group and protection group. • Downstream networking protection includes Type A Type B Type C Type D Type A • When the primary fibre fails, the services on the fibre transfers to the secondary fibre. • Signal loss or even frame loss is inevitable in the switching period • When the disconnection occurs to the line from splitter to ONU, service outage will occur and no backup happens.
Fig. Type A Fibre backup
Type B • OLT provides two GPON interfaces. • This type protects the primary fibre, when the primary fibre fails, the services on the fibre transfers to the secondary fibre. • In this protection is provided over the major areas of concern, which include feeder fibre and OLT equipment with separate OLT blades. • Provides the automated switching capability but with an additional PON port on the OLT. • If the OLT or feeder fibre is unavailable, all subscribers on PON lose service.
Fig. Type B OLT interface
backup Type C Both the OLT and the ONT provides two GPON interfaces. This type is a kind of whole-network protection. Two routes are provided between OLT and ONU, ensuring recovery of various faults. When the primary PON port on the ONU fails, ONU automatically transfers services to the secondary PON port. In this way, services goes upstream through the secondary line and secondary port on the OLT. Basically, service outage will not occur
Fig. Type C All-backup
Type D • OLT provides two GPON interfaces. • Two routes are provided between OLT and ONU, ensuring recovery of various faults, Including faults occurring on optical splitters or the line. • It supports using mixed ONUs in the network: ONUs either with a single PON port or with two PON ports can be used. Users can select them based on the actual needs.