The document discusses the history of friar estates in the Philippines from the 16th century onwards and the Hacienda de Calamba conflict. It explains that large tracts of land were granted to Spaniards and friars for cattle ranching and subsistence farming. By the 19th century, rice and sugar became the main commodities produced under an inquilinato system of landlords, tenants, and sharecroppers. The document then summarizes the specific conflict over the Hacienda de Calamba involving the Jesuits, Dominicans, and Rizal's family being evicted for refusing to pay rent.
The document discusses the history of friar estates in the Philippines from the 16th century onwards and the Hacienda de Calamba conflict. It explains that large tracts of land were granted to Spaniards and friars for cattle ranching and subsistence farming. By the 19th century, rice and sugar became the main commodities produced under an inquilinato system of landlords, tenants, and sharecroppers. The document then summarizes the specific conflict over the Hacienda de Calamba involving the Jesuits, Dominicans, and Rizal's family being evicted for refusing to pay rent.
The document discusses the history of friar estates in the Philippines from the 16th century onwards and the Hacienda de Calamba conflict. It explains that large tracts of land were granted to Spaniards and friars for cattle ranching and subsistence farming. By the 19th century, rice and sugar became the main commodities produced under an inquilinato system of landlords, tenants, and sharecroppers. The document then summarizes the specific conflict over the Hacienda de Calamba involving the Jesuits, Dominicans, and Rizal's family being evicted for refusing to pay rent.
Soreta, Alyssa Mae Learning Objectives: • Examine Rizal’s life in the Philippines within the wider context of the developments in the 19th century; • Explain how the Hacienda de Calamba Issue serves as exemplary illustration of agrarian conflicts in the late 19th century; and • Describe the interplay of several factors that contribute to the changing landscape of the Philippine Society and Economy. Friar Estates in the Philippines (16th and 17th century) • Spaniards have granted large tract of land known as sitio de ganado mayor (1,742 hectares) and smaller tracts of land known as caballerias (42.5 hectares).
• The estates primarily served as cattle ranches as well as
farms of subsistence crops.
• The social structure was primarily composed of lay
brother administrators at the top and cultivating tenants below. Friar Estates in the Philippines (mid 18th and 19th century) • In the late 19th century, religious estates in the Tagalog region continued to grow.
• Rice and sugar served as main commodities
and became the primary source of income.
• INQUILINATO SYSTEM (Landlords, Inquilinos,
Sharecroppers) Hacienda de Calamba Conflict • During 1759, a destitute Spanish layman, Don Manuel Jauregui, donated the lands to the Jesuits • During 1767, Jesuits were expelled by King Charles III in the Philippines. • In 1803, the government sold the property to Don Clemente de Azansa and was later on sold to the Dominicans. Hacienda de Calamba Conflict • In 1883, Paciano Rizal wrote that the friars were collecting rents without issuing the usual receipts. • In 1887, problems have continued to escalate, government demanded report on the income and production of estate. • In 1891, the friars began to evict tenants who refused to pay rent. Among those who were exiled were Rizal’s parents, brothers and sisters.