Computing and IT in the Workplace

CT006-1

Internet & The World Wide Web

 Learning Outcomes
At the end of this section, YOU should be able
to:

• Describe the evolution and development of the

Internet
• Discuss and explain some of the common usage of
Internet in modern society

CT024 PDT Introduction 2

 Topics we will cover

• The Internet
• History of the Internet
• The World Wide Web
• E-Commerce
• Other Internet Services

CT024 PDT Introduction 3

 • What is the Internet?
Worldwide collection of networks that connects
millions of computers

CT024 PDT Introduction 4

 • Why do users access the Internet?

 Communications
 Information
 Shopping
 Banking and Investing
 Classes
 Entertainment
Links millions of businesses,
Government agencies,
Educational institutions and
individuals
CT024 PDT Introduction 5
 The History of Internet

ARPANET
Networking project by
Pentagon’s Advanced
Research Projects
Goal: Agency (ARPA) Goal:
To allow scientists To function if
at different part of network
locations to share were disabled
information
Became
functional
September 1969

CT024 PDT Introduction 6

 History of the Internet
• 1986 NSF connected its supercomputers
(NSFnet) to ARPANET
• 1991 Internet history created by scientists at CERN
(European Organization for Nuclear Research)
• 1994 to 2000 Internet era revolutionized traditional
markets. Dot.com boomed in 1995,
followed by Hotmail, Google
• 2001 Dot.com collapsed. Web turning point
• 2004 Web 2.0 concept born at conference between
Tim O’Reilly and MediaLive International
• 2005 2nd Gen Internet Technology. User interaction &
collaboratio. Wikis, Apples iTunes, YouTube Blogs
CT024 PDT Introduction
 The History of Internet
How has the Internet grown?
Today
More than 150 million host nodes

1984
More than 1,000 host nodes

1969
Four host nodes
Host – a computer that
provides services & connections
to other computers on the Internet
Node - Term to refer to each computer/device on a network
CT024 PDT Introduction 8
 The History of Internet
Who controls the Internet?
• No one. It’s is a public, cooperative and
independent network
• Several organizations set standards

World Wide Web Internet2 (I2)

Consortium (W3C)  Internet-related
 Oversees research, sets research and
standards and guidelines development project

 Tim Berners-Lee,  Develops and tests

director advanced Internet
technologies
CT024 PDT Introduction 9
 How the Internet Works
• How can you connect to the Internet?
High-speed
Slow-speed
connection
technology

Dial-up access Digital subscriber line (DSL),

modem in your cable telephone Internet
computer uses a services (CATV), cable modem
standard telephone line provide connections using
to connect to the Internet regular copper telephone lines

Connection must be established Connection is always on—

each time you log on. whenever the computer
Slow but inexpensive is running
CT024 PDT Introduction 10
 How the Internet Works
• What are ways to access the Internet?
• ISP - Regional or
National
• OSP (AOL - America
Online and MSN –
Microsoft Network for
example)
• Wireless Internet
Service Provider

CT024 PDT Introduction 11

How Internet Works
• How does data travel on the Internet using a
telephone line connection?
• Internet
Backbone
- Major
carriers
of network
traffic on
the
Internet

CT024 PDT Introduction 12

 How the Internet Works
• What is a domain name?
 Text version of an IP
address
 Number that uniquely
identifies
each computer or device
connected to Internet

CT024 PDT Introduction 13

 • Services found on the Internet

 E-mail  Chat
 Web  Message board
 File transfer  Instant messaging

•(1)
•(3) •(4) •(5)

•(2) •(6)
CT024 PDT Introduction 14
 • What is the World Wide Web (WWW)?

A worldwide collection of electronic documents

Also called the Web

Each electronic document is called a Web page

Can contain text, graphics, sound, video, and built-in

connections

A Web site is a collection of related Web pages

CT024 PDT Introduction 15

 World Wide Web
• What is a Web browser?
 Program that allows you to view Web pages

Microsoft
Internet
Explorer Netscape

Mozilla

CT024 PDT Introduction 16

 World Wide Web
• How do you establish connection and start the
Web browser?

Step 2.
If necessary,
connect to the
Internet

Step 3.
Step 1. Connection to the
Click the Web Internet occurs,
browser program and a home page
name displays
CT024 PDT Introduction 17
 World Wide Web
• What is a home page?
 The first page that a Web site presents
 Often provides connections to other Web pages

CT024 PDT Introduction 18

 World Wide Web
• What is downloading?
 The process of a computer receiving information
 Depending upon connection speed, downloading
can take from a few seconds to several minutes

CT024 PDT Introduction 19

 World Wide Web
• What is a URL?
Unique
address for a
Web page
A web
server
delivers
the Web
page to
your
computer

CT024 PDT Introduction 20

 World Wide Web
• What is a hyperlink (link)?
 Item found elsewhere
on same Web page
 Different Web page
at same Web site
 Web page at a different
Web site
 HTTP – Hypertext Transfer
Protocol is a set of rules
that defines how pages
transfer on the Internet. How your
Browser receives information
CT024 PDT Introduction 21
 World Wide Web
• What is a search engine?
 Program used to find Web sites and Web pages by
entering words or phrases called search text
 Also known as keywords

CT024 PDT Introduction 22

 Electronic Commerce
• What is e-commerce?
 Short for electronic commerce
 Business transaction that occurs over
the Internet

Business to consumer (B2C)

Sale of goods to general public

Consumer to consumer (C2C)

One consumer sells directly to another

Business to business (B2B)

Business providing goods and
services to other businesses

CT024 PDT Introduction 23

 Other Internet Services
• What is e-mail?
 Short for electronic mail
 The transmission of messages and files via a
computer network
 Messages can consist of simple text or can
contain attachments, such as documents,
graphics, or audio/video clips
 Internet access providers usually provide an e-
mail program
 Some Web sites—such as MSN Hotmail and
Yahoo!—provide free e-mail services
 One of the original services on the Internet

CT024 PDT Introduction 24

 Other Internet Services
• How do you send an e-mail message?
Step 2.
Step 1. Click the New Mail Message button
Start an e-mail
program
(Microsoft
Outlook, for
example)

Step 3.
Enter the
recipient’s
e-mail address,
the subject, and
the message
Step 5.
The recipient opens
the message Step 4.
Click the Insert file button if you
want to attach a picture, for
CT024 PDT
example, and click Send
Introduction 25
 Other Internet Services
• What is an e-mail address?
 Unique name that consists of a user name and
domain name that identifies the user

CT024 PDT Introduction 26

 Other Internet Services
• How does an e-mail message travel?
Step 1.
Using e-
mail
software,
you
Step 2. create and
Your send
software message
Step 4.
contacts
When recipient uses
software on e-mail software to
your ISP’s check for e-mail
outgoing messages, the
mail server message transfers
from incoming mail
Step 3. server to recipient’s
Software on outgoing mail server computer
determines best route for data and sends
message, which travels along Internet
CT024 PDT Introduction 27
 Other Internet Services
• What is a mailing list?
 Group of e-mail
addresses given a single
name
 When a message is sent
to the mailing list,
everyone on the list
receives the message
 To add your name to a mailing
list you must subscribe to it; to
remove your name you must
unsubscribe

CT024 PDT Introduction 28

 Other Internet Services
• What is FTP?
 File Transfer Protocol—Internet standard that allows
you to upload and download files with other
computers on the Internet

CT024 PDT Introduction 29

 Other Internet Services
• What are newsgroups and message boards?
 Newsgroup
 Online area where users discuss a particular
subject
 Message board
 Many Web sites
use message
boards because
they are easier to
use (Forum)

CT024 PDT Introduction 30

 Other Internet Services
• What is a chat?
 Real-time typed conversation
that takes place on a computer
 Chat room is location on
server that permits users
to discuss topics of interest
 You connect to a chat server
through a program called a
Chat Client. Most browsers
Include a chat client.

CT024 PDT Introduction 31

 Other Internet Services
• What is instant messaging (IM)?
 A real-time Internet communications service that notifies you when
one or more people are online and allows you to exchange
messages or files
Step 2.
Step 1. The server determines if any of
Login to the IM your established friends, family, or
server coworkers, called buddies, are
IM Server online

Step 3.
messaging Server You send instant
messages to an
online buddy
Step 4.
Your Instant Message travels
through a messaging server and
then to the online buddy
CT024 PDT Introduction 32
 Internet Benefits to Organizations

1. Connectivity and Global Reach

2. Reduced Communication Cost
3. Lower Transaction Cost
4. Reduced Agency Cost
5. Interactivity, Flexibility and Customization
6. Accelerated Distribution of Knowledge

CT024 PDT Introduction 33

 Review Questions

1. The Internet has had tremendous impact on

business. Explain the benefits and relate it to the
case study given.
2. Explain the types of web sites available.
3. Explain the processes involved in sending out an
Instant message.

CT024 PDT Introduction 34

 Question and Answer Session

Q&A

CT024 PDT Introduction 35

What we will cover next

Topic for next session

Computer Applications in Society

CT024 PDT Introduction 36