Metaphors of Globalization

SOLID
The epoch that preceded today’s globalization paved way for
people, things, information and places to harden over time.

Refers to barriers that prevent or make difficult the

movement of things.
Natural Solidity Man-made
Solidity
• Mountains • Walls
• • Oceans
Mountain • Gates
• Rivers • Borders
Solidity of
Materials
• Stone Tablets
• Books
• Magazines
• Magazines
LIQUID
Refers to the
increasing ease of
movement of people,
things, information
and places in the
contemporary world.
 FLOW
Are the movement of people,
things, places, information
brought by the “Porosity” of
global limitations (Ritzer ,
2015)
Landler (2008)
“In global financial system,
national borders are porous”

Poor
Illegal Child
Pornography
Migrants

Blogs Immigrant
THE TASK OF DEFINING
GLOBALIZATION
Why are we going to spend time
studying this concept?

How can we appreciate these

definitions?

How can these help us understand

globalizations?
First, the perspective of the person defines
globalization shapes its definition.

 In 1996, Arjun Appadural said, “globalization

is a world of things that have different speeds,
axes, points of origin and termination, and
varied relationships to institutional structures
in different regions, nations, or socities”
 Al-Rhodan (2006), wrote that definitions
suggest the perspective of the author on the
origins and the geopolitical implications of
globalization.
Second, to paraphrase the sociologist Cesare
Poppi:
Globalization is the debate and the
debate is globalization.

Third, Globalization is reality.

Overall, globalization is a concept that is not

easy to define because in reality,
globalization has a shifting nature.
globalization and
regionalization
globalization
• Globalization or globalisation is the process of
interaction and integration among people, companies,
and governments worldwide.
• Globalization means the transformation of businesses
to employ supply chains and sell in global markets.
Regionalization
• The process of dividing an area into smaller
segments called regions.
• One of the more obvious examples of
regionalization is the division of a nation into states
or provinces.
 Globalization And Regionalization

• The processes of globalization and regionalization

during the 19980s and heightened after the end of
the Cold War in the 1990s. At first, it seems that
these two processes are contradicting the very
nature of globalization is, by definition, global
while regionalization is naturally regional.
 Globalization And Regionalization
• The regionalization of the world system and economic
activity undermines the potential benefits coming out
from a liberalized global economy. This is because
regional organization prefer regional partners over the
rest. Regional organizations respond to the states
attempt to reduce the perceived negative effects of
globalization. Therefore, regionalism is a sort of
counter-globalization.
 Globalization And Regionalization
• Regionalization in one part of the world encourages
regionalization elsewhere-whether by imitation, like
the success of the European Single Market, or by
defensive reaction, such as Mercosur’s establishment
as response to the creation of NAFTA.
• Held et al. (2005) claimed, “the new regionalism is not
a barrier to political globalization but, on the contrary,
entirely compatible with it-if not an indirect
encouragement”
 Globalization And Regionalization

• Hurell (2007) “Regional developments in one part of the

world have affected and fueled regionalization
everywhere else in a sort of contagion or domino effects.
This fact, along with increasing developments in
interregional cooperation, shows that the regionalization
process is global in nature.
 Globalization And Regionalization
According to Hurell (2007) The age of economic
globalization has also been the age of regionalization, and
much of the analysis of the new regionalism has been devoted
to the links between the two tendencies. Thus, regionalism is
seen as critical part of the political economy of globalization
and the strategies that states (and other actors) have adopted
in the face of globalization .. The emergence of regionalism
needs to be understood within the global restructuring of
power and production. The many worlds are very closely
intertwined with the character and fate of the one. The core
driving force is global even if the manifestation is regional.
 Globalization And Regionalization
• Sweeney (2005) Globalization "goes back to when
humans first put a boat into the sea“
• Jacoby and Meunier (2010) We can understand
globalization as "the increased flows of goods, services,
capital, people, and information across borders"
• Defining region and regionalization is complicated.
 Globalization And Regionalization
• According to Mansfield and Milner (1999) “Region is a
group of countries in the same geographically specified are”
• Hurell (2007) Defines Regionalization as the “societal
integration and the often undirected process of social and
economic interaction”
• Revenhill (2008) regionalization is different from
regionalism, which is “the formal process of
intergovernmental collaboration between two or more
states”
• Reasons behind regionalism is the concern for security,
which is to ensure peace and stability.