Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Tenses/Tensions
• Present
• Past
• Future
PRESENT TENSE
Present simple tense
Present Continuous tense
Present Perfect tense
Present Perfect Continuous tense
Simple Present Tense
• It is used to express an action in present time,
habitual or usual actions or daily event or
universal fact. It is used to express an action in
present time which is usually done on a
regular basis.
• For example a student says, “I go to school”. It is a
daily activity of a student to go to school, so such
actions are expressed by present simple tense.
• Another example is, “I work in a factory”. It tells
about a usual action of a person that he works in
a factory on regular basis.
Sentence Structure
• 1st form of verb or base verb is used as main verb in
sentence.
• If the subject in a sentence is “he, she, it, singular or
proper noun” then “s” or “es” is added to the first form
of verb or base form in the sentence.
• Subject + 1st form of verb (or base verb) + Object
Simple
• I write a letter.
• He gets up early in the morning.
• Sun rises in East.
Examples
Negative
• Subject + Do not/Does not + 1st form of verb (or base
form) + object
• If the subject in a sentence is “he, she, it, singular or
proper noun”, then “Does not” is used after subject in
sentence. If subject is “I, we, they, you or plural” then
“Do not” is used after subject in sentence. “s” or “es” is
not added to main verb in negative sentence.
Example
• I do not write a letter.
He does not get up early in the morning.
Sun does not rise in east.
• Interrogative Sentence
• Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main verb + Object
• Do/Does + Subject + 1st for of verb (or base
verb) + Object
• Note: If the subject in a sentence is “he, she, it,
singular or proper noun” the sentence is started
with Auxiliary verb “Does”. If the subject in a
sentence is “I, we, they, you or plural” the sentence
is started with auxiliary verb “Do”. “s” or “es” is not
added to main verb in Interrogative sentence
• Examples.
Do I write a letter?
Does he get up early in the morning?
Does sun rise in east?
• Interrogative Sentence
• Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main verb +
Object
• Do/Does + Subject + 1st form of verb (or
base verb) + Object
• Examples.
Do I write a letter?
Does he get up early in the morning?
Does sun rise in east?
Make correction
• Positive Sentences
I sings a song.
He drink water.
They readed lessons
Birds chirped.
John reaching home in time.
Water maintaining its surface level.
• Negative Sentences
I does not sing a song
He do not drink water
They does not read lessons
Birds does not chirp
John doing not reach home in time.
Water did not maintain its surface level.
• Interrogative Sentences
Does I sing a song?
Do he drink water?
Do they read lessons?
Does birds chirp?
Do John reach home in time?
Do water maintain its surface level?
•
Present Continuous Tense
• It expresses an action which is in progress at
the time of speaking.
• For example, a person says, “I am writing a
letter”. It means that he is in the process of
writing a letter right now.
• Such actions which are happening at time of
speaking are expressed by present continuous
tense. Present Continuous tense is also called
Present progressive tense.
Structure
• Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb-ing (Present
participle) + object
• Subject + am/is/are + (1st form of verb or base verb +
ing) + object
• If the subject is “I” then auxiliary verb “am” is used
after subject in sentence.
If the subject is “He, She, It, singular or proper name”
then auxiliary verb “is” is used after subject in
sentence.
If subject is “You, They or plural” then auxiliary verb
“are” is used after subject in sentence.
• The participle “ing” is added to the 1st form of verb
i.e. going (go) writing (write)
Examples
• I am playing cricket.
• He is driving a car