 Takeoff 和Departure 的用法：

 Takeoff—The action of an aircraft as it becomes

airborne. In a more strict sense the final breaking
of contact with the land or water.
 起飞：是指航空器升空的动作。就严格意义上讲，
是指航空器最终离开地面或水面。

 Departure—Any aircraft takeoff from an airport is

referred as a departure.
 离场：是指航空器从机场起飞的过程。
 在机场管制术语中，takeoff 仅用于允许航空器起
飞时使用，要求飞行员复诵；其他有关航空器起飞
的表述均使用departure.
 影响航空器起飞的因素：
 1)Surface wind
 2)Temperature
 3)Air pressure
 4)RWY conditions
 a. Contaminations: rain, snow, ice…..
 b. Friction: Brake action good (medium, poor)
 5) Low visibility / RVR
 6) Weight of A/c ( fuel, cargo, passenger,
loading…)
 7) Airport Elevation
 WAT: W=weight, A=airport elevation,
T=temperature （WAT是 计算航空器起飞滑跑距
离的重要因素）
 Model Exchanges:
 Report when ready for departure准备好起
飞报告。例句A是在塔台管制员希望飞行员尽快
进跑道起飞时使用的。起飞前，飞行员要完成
一系列检查程序，要落实“起飞检查单”。管制员
为防止指令你进入跑道后，因你未完成起飞前
检查而耽误较长时间，所以给你做好起飞准备
的提醒。管制员给你该指令时，你还在跑道外，
所以要用...ready for departure. 而不要用
..ready for takeoff. 回答时用wilco.
 B. …line up 进跑道 ( 不用enter the
runway). 复诵时用 “lining up.”
 ...cleared for takeoff. 可以起飞。复
诵时用”Cleared for takeoff XXX” 或
"Taking off XXX."
 C. XXX are you ready for immediate
departure./Affirm/Negative.
 意指：管制员预计如你抓紧时间进跑道起飞，
便不会影响五边进近着陆的飞机。如果你作
好了准备，就可马上进跑道起飞；如果你没
有作好准备，就得等五边进近着陆的飞机落
地后再进跑道。所以必须用肯定的术语回答。
 -line up, be ready for immediate departure.
进跑道，作好立即起飞的准备。
 D. …cleared for takeoff report airborne.
可以起飞，离地报告。
 在天气好，能见度好的情况下，塔台管制
员可以目视看到飞机从进跑道到离地爬高
的整个起飞过程。(飞行员常说：起飞最
危险，落地最困难).在能见度不好的情况
下，塔台看不到飞机离地，故请飞行员报
告。
 E…..report Airbus on final in sight. 看到五边要落地的
那架空客飞机后报告。
 你在等待线外等待，无边有飞机进近准备着陆，管制员
问你看到进近的那架飞机没有。如你看到了，报告"the
traffic in sight". 管制员会给你"after the landing
 traffic, line up and hold"的指令。你可以目视它着陆后，
在它在跑道上滑跑得同时进跑道等待。如果你没有看到
五边的进近飞机，不必马上回答，可稍等，待看到后再
回答。相同意思的指令：behind the landing traffic, line
up and behind."
 “after the landing traffic has passed, line up and wait.”
 看到五边进近的飞机报告："the traffic in sight". 看不到
可报告"Negative in sight we are looking."
 F. …takeoff immediately or hold short of
runway. 要么立即起飞，要么跑道外等待。

 飞机在跑道外等待。受起飞和落地间隔的限制。
 G…takeoff immediately or vacate
runway. 要么立即起飞，要么退出跑道。

 飞机在跑道内的起飞线。受跑道占用时间
的限制。
 H....hold position, cancel, I say again,
cancel takeoff, a vehicle on runway.
 在塔台管制员给了你起飞指令，你尚未开
始起飞滑跑时，发现跑道上有不明物侵入，
影响起飞安全，取消起飞指令。
 I. ...stop immediately, stop immediately,
an aircraft crossing runway.
 在塔台管制员给了你起飞指令，你已开始
起飞滑跑时，发现有不明物侵入跑道，让
你立即停下来。
 J…..after departure, climb straight ahead to 900m on
QFE then turn right follow SID, cleared for takeoff.
 带有限制条件的起飞指令。

 SID=Standard Instrument Departure Procedure

 当起飞后的出港程序有变化，不同于ATC clearance
中给你的出港程序时，会在起飞指令前加上详细的出
港方法。
 要学会飞行员的回答：
 Lining up
 Taking off
 Holding
 Stopping
 Dialogue:
 -Rolling 起飞滑跑。Aircraft is rolling for
takeoff along the center line of the runway.

 Exercises:
 I. B777: Boeing triple
seven=Boeing seven seven seven.
 II. 组句
1. Report when ready for departure/takeoff.
2. Tower CCA 104 approaching holding point
runway 13 request line up./taxi.
3. TWA 316 line up be ready for immediate
departure/take-off.
4. BAW 051 take off immediately or vacate
runway/cleared.
5. AFR 616 climb straight ahead until 2,500 feet
before turning right, cleared for take off/after.
6. DLH 699 take off immediately or hold short of
runway/point.
 VI 模拟通话练习
 1)
P: Baiyun Tower CSN 303 approaching
holding point runway 03, request line up.
C: CSN 303 Baiyun Tower line up and hold
runway 03.
P: Lining up and holding runway 03 CSN 303.
C: CSN 303 cleared for takeoff runway 03
wind calm.
P: Cleared for takeoff runway 03 CSN 303.
 2)
 P: Baiyun Tower 3392 holding at holding point runway
 03, ready for departure.
 C: 3392 Baiyun Tower hold short of runway 03 report
 the traffic on final in sight.
 P: Holding short 3392,
 P:the traffic in sight 3392
 C: 3392 after the traffic on final has passed line up
 and hold.
 P: Roger, after the traffic has passed line up and
 hold 3392.
 C: 3392 cleared for takeoff runway 03 wind 010
 degrees 6kts.
 P: Taking off runway 03 3392.
 3) p:-Baiyun Tower 4306 ready for departure.
 c: -4306 Baiyun Tower after departure
 follow QPID, cleared for line up and
 take off. Runway 03, wind 350 degrees
 5kts.
 p:-After departure follow QPID , lining
 up and taking off, runway 03, 4306.
 4)-Baiyun Tower 2322 ready for departure.
 -2322 Baiyun Tower hold short of runway 21, Boeing
 757 is taking off on the runway.
 -holding short 2322.
 -2322 report the traffic on final in sight.
 -The traffic in sight 2322.
 - 2322 after the landing traffic line up and wait,
 runway 21.
 -After the landing traffic line up and wait runway 21,
 2322.
 -2322 after departure climb straight ahead until FO
 cleared for take off runway 21.
 -Climb straight ahead until FO cleared for take off
 runway 21 , 2322.
 5)-1302 take off immediately or vacate
 runway.
 -Taking off 1302.
 Or
 -Tower 1302 we have a problem for
 No.1 engine, we are vacating runway
 via B.
 -Roger, 1302 contact Ground 129.0
 -129.0 1302.
 补充词汇:
 Nose 机头
 Windshield 风挡
 Hatch 座舱盖
 Fuselage 机身
 Belly 机腹
 Landing gear 起落架
 (nose gear, main gear)
 Wing (port, starboard) 机翼(左舷，右舷）
 Engine 发动机
 Cabin=passenger compartment 客舱
 Cockpit 驾驶舱
 Flight deck 驾驶舱
 Aileron 副翼
 Flap 襟翼
 Slat 缝翼
 Wingtip 翼尖
 Tailplane 水平尾翼
 Horizontal stabilizer水平安定面
 Fin 垂直尾翼
 Vertical stabilizer垂直安定面
 Trim tab 配平调整片
 Rudder 方向舵
 Elevator 升降舵
 Exhaust nozzle (发动机的)排气管
 Cargo compartment 货舱
 Freight compartment 货舱
 Skin 蒙皮
 Wheel well 轮舱
 Fuel Tank 燃油箱
 Leading edge 前缘
 Trailing edge 后缘
 Autopilot 自动驾驶仪