Spur Gear

Lecture 2
 Face Width F

Addendum
circle

Pitch circle

Tooth
Thickness
Width of space

Circular pitch

Addendum a

Deddendu
m circle
Working
Clearance Deddendum Depth
circle b
Clearance

Whole Depth
Gears

 Addendum a=1/P a=1/Diametral pitch

 P=N/d no. of teeth/diameter of pitch circle
 Circular pitch (p)=πd/N
 Pp= π
 Deddendum b=1.25/P
 C=.25/P
 Whole Depth h=a+b
 Working Depth=a+b-c
 Line of action

rbp Ф rp Base circle

rp
Pressure Angle
Ф

Pitch Circle

Common Tangent Addendum

circle
Line

Deddendum
circle

rg rbg
 Spur gears, illustrated in Fig, have teeth parallel to the axis of rotation and
are used to transmit motion from one shaft to another, parallel, shaft.
Nomenclature of Gear

 The pitch circle is a theoretical circle upon which all calculations are usually
based; its diameter is the pitch diameter.

 The pitch circles of a pair of mating gears are tangent to each other.
 A pinion is the smaller of two mating gears. The larger is often called the
gear.
 The circular pitch p is the distance, measured on the pitch circle, from a
point on one tooth to a corresponding point on an adjacent tooth.
 Thus the circular pitch is equal to the sum of the tooth thickness and the
width of space.
Nomenclature of Gear

 Module: The module m is the ratio of the pitch diameter to the number of
teeth.

 The Diametral pitch P is the ratio of the number of teeth on the gear to the
pitch diameter. Thus, it is the reciprocal of the module.
Nomenclature of Gear

 The addendum a is the radial distance between the top land and the pitch
circle.
 The dedendum b is the radial distance from the bottom land to the pitch
circle
 The whole depth ht is the sum of the addendum and the dedendum.
 The clearance c is the amount by which the dedendum in a given gear
exceeds the addendum of its mating gear.
 The backlash is the amount by which the width of a tooth space exceeds the
thickness of the engaging tooth measured on the pitch circles
The Lewis Bending Equation

 Wilfred Lewis introduced an equation for estimating the bending stress in

gear teeth in which the tooth form entered into the formulation.
Dynamic Effect

 When a pair of gears is driven at moderate or high speed and noise is

generated, it is certain that dynamic effects are present.
 Several of these gears were tested to destruction by meshing and loading
them at zero velocity.
 The remaining gears were tested to destruction at various pitch-line
velocities.
 For example, if a pair of gears failed at 500 lbf tangential load at zero
velocity and at 250 lbf at velocity V1, then a velocity factor, designated Kv,
of 2 was specified for the gears at velocity V1.
The Barth equation for Dynamic Effect
Loading Factor Kc
Temperature Factor Kd
Reliability Factor ke
Fatigue Strength Fraction
 Given a 1050 HR steel, estimate
 (a) the rotating-beam endurance limit at 106 cycles.
 (b) the endurance strength of a polished rotating-beam specimen
corresponding to 104 cycles to failure
 (c) the expected life of a polished rotating-beam specimen under a
completely reversed stress of 385 Mpa.