SHANGHAI TOWER

MULTI-STOREYED STRUCTURE

SUBMITTED BY:
DIKSHA HANS
SANSKRITI JINDAL
WORLD’S 20TALLEST BUILDINGS BY 2020

FROM LEFT–RIGHT

1. KINGDOM TOWER, JEDDAH

2. BURJ KHALIFA, DUBAI
3. PING AN FINANC, SCHENZEN
4. SEOL LIGHT DMC TOWER
5. SIGNATURE TOWER, JAKARTA
6. SHANGHAI TOWER, SHANGHAI
7. WUHAN GREENLAND CENTER
8. MAKKAH ROYAL CLOCK TOWER
HOTEL
9. GOLDEN FINANCE 117, TIANJIN
10. LOTTE WORLD TOWER,SEOUL
11. DOHA CONVENTION CENTER AND
TOWER
12. ONE WOR;D TRADE CENTER, NY
13. CHOW TAI FOOK GUANGZHOW
14. TIANJIN CHOW TAI FOOK BINHAI
CENTER
15. DALIAN GREENLAND CENTER
16. PEMTOMINIUM, DUBAI
17. BUSAN LOTTE TOWN TOWER
18. TAIPAI 101
19. KAISA FENG LOANG CENTER
20. SHANGHAI WFC
SHANGHAI GROWTH
SHANGHAI TOWER

SITE:
Location: Lujiazui finance a nd trade zone, Pudong District, Shanghai China
Area: 30,370sq. m. (7.5 acr es)

TOWER:
Height: 632m(2,073 ft.)
Stories: 121occupied floors
Area: 410,000sq. m. above grade and 164,000sq. m. below grade
Program: Office, Luxury H otel, Entertainment, Retail and Cultural Venues.

PODIUM:
Height: 36.9m (121ft.)
Stories: 5stories above gra de
Areas: 46,000sq.m.
Program: Retail, Banking, R estaurant, Conference, Meeting and Banquet facilities.
Below grade levels will hou seretail. 1800parking spaces,services and MEPfunctions.

SOM's 1,379-foot-tall Jin Mao Tower, KPF's 1,614-foot-tall Shanghai World Financial
Centre, and Gensler's 2,073-foot-tall Shanghai Tower make up atrio of super tall
buildings inLujiazui.
SHANGHAI SKYLINE
LOCATION ON EARTH
BESTIN SHANGHAI TOWER
ARCHITECTURAL WONDERS
China’s first super high-rise to exceed 600meters
World’s first single building with aweight of 850,000tons constructed on asoft
ground
Tallest green building
Largest pouring work for the main
building’s foundation surface
Tower bearings with the biggest
diameter
Curtain wall supporting steel
structure system with the highest
construction precision
China’s largest construction cranes
Heaviest damper
Strictly followed the demands of green
building certification, combined various
green building technologies and strategies,
in line with its commitment to
environment protection
Completing the concrete pour at one time
by using 450concrete mixer trucks, 8 pump
stations of 4districts throughout the city
and 60,000cubic meters of concrete within
63hours
Round-shaped, self-bearing, continuous
walls astower bearings with adiameter of
123.544m
The most professional curtain wall sliding
bearings, with an accuracy of up to 2mm
Four M1280Dtower cranes to improve
work efficiency
1,200 tons
Fastest elevator
First super high-rise with cloud
computing system
Most advanced energy management
and control centre
Highest wind turbines
Diesel generator with Asia’s biggest
capacity
Window cleaning equipment in the
most complexpath
TOP-CLASS FACILITIES
First Chinese-style luxury five-starhotel
Highest panoramarestaurant
Highest hotel lobby
Highest swimmingpool
Highest skylobby
EFFICIENT OPERATIONS
Three sightseeing elevators with amaximum
upward speedof 18meters/second
Able to serve 15,000to 20,000 people
Integrating CHP, Ground Source Heat Pump,
ice storage system, electric refrigeration,
boiler room, and other facilities.
The tower’s topmost levels (565m to 578m)
will house 270 wind turbines with a capacity
of 135kW of power
Reserve capacity of up to 10,000kW, single
capacity of 2500kW
Spiral-path gondola installed on top of the
tower
Co-branding with Jinjiang International Hotel
Group – the JHotel
On the 120th floor, at the height of 556.7m
On the 101th floor, at the height of 470m
On the 84th floor, at the height of 393.4m
On the 101th floor, at the height of 470m
PROJECT MILESTONE

Planning Scheme of Shanghai Lujiazui Zone wasapproved by the Shanghai Government in theNo.[1993]77
December 28,1993
Document.
10companies participated in the concept schemesolicitation and proposed 19design plans and 21design
September 12,2006
patterns
December 5,2007 Shanghai Tower Construction and Development Co., Ltd. wasestablished.
April 18, 2008 American architecture firm Gensler’s design wasselected asthe final scheme for ShanghaiTower.
November 29, 2008 The construction of Shanghai Tower broke ground..
July 1,2009 The pile foundation of the main building wasfinished.
March 24,2010 Shanghai Tower wasawarded the LEEDGold Precertification by the US Green Building Council (USGBC)
March 26-29,2010 The 60,000cubic meters of concrete wassuccessfully poured into the main building backplane
The construction of the subsurface structure of the main building wascompleted with 2layers above the
September 28,2010
ground and 632meters there for construction.
June 20,2011 Shanghai Tower exceeded 100meters.
December 6,2011 Shanghai Tower exceeded 200meters.
May 16,2012 Shanghai Tower exceeded 300meters.
August 2,2012 The erection of the curtain wall of the main building wasofficially launched
Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development officially awarded Shanghai Tower the “3-Star Green
September 13,2012
Building Design Identity Certificate”.
December, 2012 Shanghai Tower exceeded 400meters.
April 11, 2013 Shanghai Tower exceeded 500meters.
August 3,2013 Shanghai Tower topping out
August 3,2014 Shanghai Tower reached the designed height of 632meters
INTRODUCTION
Location： Lujiazui Finance and Trade Zone, Pudong, Shanghai,China
 Shanghai Tower, located at the core of Pudong’s, Lujiazui Area： 30,370square meters
Finance and Trade Area in Shanghai
 632meters tall, with 121floors above ground, 5floors Architectural
Main tower + podium
composition
underground and atotal construction area of 576,000square
：
meters.
Height: 632meters
 It is avertical city and amixed-use structure, with office space, a Floors structural height: 580meters 125floors, 121usable
hotel, exhibition halls and both businessand tourism floors
functionalities. Main Tower： Area: Approximately 576,000square meters (410,000square
meters above ground, 166,000square meters underground)
 It gradually spirals with 120deg. Inclination. Function: Office, hotels, recreation, sightseeing, retail and
 Its curved façade and spiraling form, symbolizes the dynamic cultural spaces
appearance of modern china. Height: 38meters
Floor: 5Floors
 The building strictly adheres to green building design standards. Area: Approximately 60,100square meters
Building employs various green building techniques and ahigh Podium: Function: boutique retail, catering, hotel entrance, exhibitions
greening ratio of 33%. and banquets. Retail, parking lot, service and
electromechanically facilities are available in the basement
 Together with its neighbours, the 420-meter Jinmao Tower and area.
the 492-meter Shanghai World Financial Center, Shanghai Tower
and its graceful spiralling design completes the urban Owner / Developer： ShanghaiTower Construction and Development Co.,Ltd.
triumvirate.
With aRMB 8.6 billion registered capital, the company is
jointly funded by ShanghaiChengtou Corporation (51%),
Shareholder：
ShanghaiLujiazui Finance and Trade Zone Development Co.,
Ltd. (45%) and ShanghaiConstruction Group Co., Ltd.(4%).
INTRODUCTION

 At completion, Shanghai Tower will have 121occupiedfloors,

4.09 million square feet (380,000sq. m) of area above gradeand
1.52 million square feet (141,000sq. m) of area below grade, and
106elevators.
 With nine zones, each comprising 12to 15stories and dedicated
to retail, office, hotel, and observation/cultural facility uses,
Shanghai Tower will be aself-contained city. The circular building
is wrapped in asecond, exterior skin, which spirals around it in a
series of triangular shapes. The angles of these triangles afford 21
public atriums, each 12to 14storieshigh.
 With adirect tie into asubway stop, the building hasatransit-
oriented design.
 The dual-skin feature of the structure is important aesthetically,
environmentally, and financially. The exterior skin tapers and
twists asit goes up the core, extending out into spaceatpoints.
 The outer skin sort of acts like acoat; it tempers that space.”
Warm air will be drawn from the occupied spacesinto the
atrium, where achimney effect allows the heatto escape.
INTRODUCTION

 The aerodynamics of the spiral shape sharply reduce the wind load on the
building, allowing designers to useabout one-third less structural steel than in a
conventional building.
 A 120-degree twist wasadopted for the building exterior profile.
 The wind flows around the building in acompletely differentway.
 The form also representsthe emergence of Shanghai asafinancial centre.
BUILDING FACTS

 2nd tallest building in the world, and tallest building in

china.

 120deg. turn: from baseto top, the tower makesa

rotation that is optimal for minimising wind loads.
The geometry of the building saved58million dollars
in costly structural materials.

 Innovation skin: the circular inner-glass façade

requires 14%less glassthan asquare building of the
sametotal floor area.

 6meter deep(18 foot) matt foundation: trucks

pumped concrete during acontinuous 63hours pour
in 2010.

 Power generation: A 2, 130kWnatural gas-fired

cogeneration system on the site will provide
electricity and heat energy for the low zoneareas.
DURING THE CONSTRUCTION

IMAGE @JUNE 2009 IMAGE @28AUGUST 2011

DURING THE CONSTRUCTION

The configuration of Shanghai Tower, with circular office

and hotel floors stacked between triangular mechanical
floors, hasjust begun to reveal itself on the construction
BASEMENT CONSTRUCTED ON THESITE site.
DURING THE CONSTRUCTION

Exterior curtain wall hanging system

Hydraulic platform for hanging the glass The notch in the triangular mechanical floor plates helps mitigate
panels vortex shedding.
BESTIN SHANGHAI TOWER

Three important strategies were adopted forthe design:

i. He tower’s asymmetrical form

ii. Is tapering profile
iii. Its rounded corners

Green strategies:
i. Daylighting: the c]glass sin admits maximum daylight, reducing the need for electrical
lighting.
ii. Landscaping: one-third of the site is green space, with extensive landscaping that cools the
site.
iii. Wind turbines: exterior lighting for the tower will be powered by 270wind driven
generators.
 Shanghai towers sustainable strategies will reduce the building’s carbon footprint by 34k
metric tons per year.

Technical innovation:
The tower hasworld’s fastest elevator with the speed equivalent to 40mph. Structural
efficiency: the simplifies mega-frame structure is an economical approach.
Counteracting sway: atunes massdamper near the top of the tower improves the occupant's
comfort.
STRUCTURAL DIAGRAM

Uses32– 35%lessstructural materials (

concrete and steel ) than any other
conventional buildings. It results in
savings of 58million US$

CENTRAL MEGA FLOOR PLATES INNER SKIN OUTER-WALL SECONDSKIN

CORE COLUMNS STRUCTURE
DRAWING OF THE SHANGHAI TOWER

GROUND FLOOR PLAN ROOF PLAN

DRAWING OF THE SHANGHAI TOWER

LEVELNINE PLAN LEVEL NINETY-EIGHTPLAN

FLOOR PLANS : AREAS

LEVEL AREA (sq.m.) LEVEL AREA (sq.m.)

8 6440 68 3479
9-19 4640 69-81 2424
22 5575 84 2955
23-34 3954 86-98 2047
37 4780 101 2497
38-49 3380 106-110 1755
52 4098 119 2080
53-65 2865
FUNCTIONALITY & ZONE DISTRIBUTION
Different zonesof the tower includes the following:
• Zone 1:Retail
• Zone 2: Office
• Zone 3: Office
• Zone 4: Office
• Zone 5: Office
• Zone 6: Office
• Zone 7:Hotel
• Zone 8: Hotel & Boutique Office
• Zone 9: Observation & Cultural Facilities
Shanghai Tower will become the landmark of
the Finance and Trade Area in Lujiazui and an
important foundation for the financial service
sector in Shanghai. Shanghai Tower also plays
an important role in optimizing the overall
planning of the Lujiazui area, perfecting city
space, improving comprehensive business
functions and accelerating the offerings of this
modern service sector.
As avertical city comprised of 9zones, Shanghai Tower serves
five key functions:
1. It provides international-standard, Grade-A offices. The
area from Zone 2to Zone 6is comprised of approximately
220,000square meters of office area. In each zone, there is a
trade floor providing corporations with fully-equipped
spacefor financial trade businesses.To meet the
differentiated demands of the financial service sector such
asbanks, insurances, securities and funds, and regional
headquarters of transnational corporations together with
modern new-type service industries for offices, it offers
24/7, customized office space, system and service.
2. It housesaluxury five-star hotel and facilities. Zone 7and
Zone 8will house JHotel-- aluxury five-star hotel
originating in China, with approximately 80000square
meters in total. This hotel, run by top international hotel
management companies will offer high-end customers
personalized service, an experiential accommodation
environment and aluxurious spaceto meet their every
need.
FUNCTIONALITY & ZONE DISTRIBUTION

3. It provides space for themed boutique businesses.The main function of i. Retail and Conference
B1, B2and the annex lies in commerce, with an area of approximately Center
50,000square meters. It involves unique commercial facilities such as ii. Mechanical
brand retail stores, specialized restaurants, business service centres and
iii. Atrium
lifestyle space, providing office staff, business people and residents with
all-around, high-quality products and services. iv. Office Space
4. it offers sightseeing, cultural and recreational facilities. The sightseeing v. Hotel
area on the top of Zone 9covers an area of 4,000square meters. vi. Indoor Observation Desk
Bringing to life the concept of an interactive, high-rise sightseeing, the vii. Outdoor Observation
city’s beauty can be observed and taken in with this vantage Desk
point. The city’s residents and visitors alike can take abreak outside of viii. Tuned MassDamper
working hours in this space, where businessmeets culture for sightseeing,
shopping, recreation andrelaxation.
5. it features event space and the facilities to accommodate them. The
banquet and conference areas in Zone 1and the annex span 10000
square meters and meet the demands for conferences, forums,
exhibitions, art performances, celebrations, fashion shows, parties and
the like.
Additionally, there is asky lobby composed of adouble curtain wall at the
bottom of Zones 2-8. There is atotal of 21full-floor sky lobbies in the
building with transparent visions and panoramic city views, providing asafe
and comfortable work and social environment.
DRAWING OF THE SHANGHAI TOWER
DRAWING OF THE SHANGHAI TOWER
REDUCING CORE OF THE STRUTURE
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
STRUCTURE SYSTEMEMPLOYED

 The main part of the core-tube is a30m by 30m square RCtube. The thickness of
the flange wall of the tube at the bottom is 1.2 m, and the thickness decreases with
the height of the tube and reduces to 0.5 m at the top. Similarly, the thickness of
the web wall decreases from 0.9 m at the bottom to 0.5 m at the top.
 According to the architectural functional requirements, the four corners of the
core-tube are gradually removed above Zone 5. Finally, the core-tube becomes
X-shapedat the top.
 The mega-column system consists of 12shaped-steel reinforced concrete
columns with amaximum cross-sectional dimension of 5,300mm×3,700 mm.
 8mega-columns extend from the bottom to the top of the building, and the
section size gradually reduces to 2,400mm×1,900 mm at the top.
 The remaining 4columns are located at each corner and only extend from the
ground floor to Zone5.
 The outrigger system, located at the mechanical stories, consists of circle trusses SKETCH OF LATERAL FORCE RESISTINGSYSTEM
and outriggers with atotal height of 9.9 m. All of the components of the
outriggers are composed of H-shaped steel beams.
 Four element types are used in this model: the spatial beam elements used for the
external frames and outriggers, the multi-layer shell elements used for the shear
walls and the mega-columns, the truss elements used for the rebar and the
shaped-steels, and membrane elements for the floor slabs. The details are
described in the following subsections.
STRUCTURE SYSTEMEMPLOYED

LATERAL SYSTEM FRAME SYSTEM

STRUCTURE SYSTEMEMPLOYED

Steel I-sections are embedded in

concrete, that supports the
outrigger trusses.

The double belt truss supported

through main 8 columns support
the curtain walls.

The main 8columns reduces in size

asthe building grows in height, to
complement the reducing volume
of building.

MEGA FRAME AND OUTRIGGER DETAIL

STRUCTURE SYSTEMEMPLOYED

 Shanghai Tower asymmetry wasdesigned in such way that wind loads were reduced by 24
percent, producing building materials and construction savings. The Tower design
features four pairs of super columns organized asnine cylindrical buildings stacked one
atop another.
 Shanghai Tower inner layer hasatriangular exterior layer that constantly shapesthe
building façade from all directions.
 The building contains adouble skin façade that creates nine atrium sky gardens,
cylindrical buildings stacked one atop the other, that could be used asplazasand
reunions. Both skin facades are transparent establishing aconnection between the
building's interior and Shanghai’s urban fabric.
 The tower features aunique “dual-skin” exterior, with the circular building wrapped in a
second, exterior skin, which spirals around it. The varying angles of the second skin create
21landscaped public atriums, each 12to 14stories high, which will feature retail and
meeting spaceswith sweeping views of thecity.
 The dual-skin feature of the structure is important not only aesthetically but also
environmentally and financially.
 The outer skin acts like acoat, tempering the space; warm air will be drawn from the
occupied spacesinto the atrium, where achimney effect allows the heat to escape.
Additionally, the aerodynamics of the spiral shape significantly reduce the wind load on
the building, allowing designers to useabout one-third less structural steel than in a
conventional building.
STRUCTURE SYSTEMEMPLOYED

 The skyscraper comprises nine cylindrical buildings stacked on top of

each other, all enclosed by acircular inner curtain wall and atriangular
facade enveloping the entire structure.
 The tower is supported on 831reinforced concrete bore piles sunkdeep
into the ground.
 At its heart is aconcrete core, of 30sq. m. This itercts with the 4super
columns. The core acts in concert with an outrigger and ‘super-column’
system, with double-belt trusses that support the baseof each of the nine
verticalneighbourhoods.
 The outrigger trusses and super columns derive stiffness from the
concrete inner building, producing an effective system for resisting wind
and seismic loads for super tall buildings. This approach hasmade for an
easier and faster construction process, meaning significant cost savings for
the client.
 The tower’s form was refined using wind tunnel tests, which ultimately
reduced building wind loads by 24 per cent. The tests pinpointed a 120-
degreerotation asoptimal for minimizing the windloads.
 The result is asimpler and lighter structure with unprecedented
transparency and a32per cent reduction in costly materials
STRUCTURE SYSTEMEMPLOYED

 To carry the load of the transparent glassskin, an innovative curtain wall hasbeen designed which is suspended from the mechanical
floors above and stabilized by asystem of hoop rings andstruts.
 The laminated glasspanels filter the sun, wind and rain, while the inner skin encloses the interior spacewith aunitized low-E coated
insulating glasscurtain wall system with integral operable solar control devices.
 This double skin wall system takes advantage of the stack effect to provide natural ventilation and cooling.
 The buffer areas between the inner and outer skins help to regulate the environment aswell as collect and recycle rain water.
MODEL VIEWS
MODEL VIEWS
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONSUNDERTAKEN

The tower’s profound twist expression is the result of its geometry,

which can be broken down into three key :
1. Horizontal profile:

 The profile shape is based on an equilateral triangle.

 Two tangential curves offset at 60degrees were used to createa
smooth shape.
 This shape is driven by two variables:

 the radius of the large circle and its location relative to the center
of the equilateral triangle (profile). It should be noted that the
actual shape of the profile is independent of the remaining two key
geometricdrivers.
 As aresult, Gensler had the ability to look at the effect of
modifying the horizontal profile and the impact such changes
had on the tower form at all stages of the design.
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONSUNDERTAKEN

2. Vertical profile :

• The concept of the form is to take the horizontal profile and extrude it vertically
and conform to the vertical profile.
• From afunctional point of view, it wasimportant to maintain awide footprint for
the lower third of the tower, with aslender footprint at the upper third—a
reduction of about 55%overall.
• This proportional distribution allowed for large lease spanswithin the office
portion of the tower and smaller spanswithin the upper-level hotel/boutique
offices.
• Adjusting the two values in the horizontal profile and this third value in the
vertical profile, we now have complete control of vertical ratio, gross floor area
and building form.
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONSUNDERTAKEN

3. Rate oftwist:

 This is asimple linear rotation from basetotop.

 The fact that this final value can be changed independently allowed for great flexibility in the
design stage, especially in selecting the best combined overall building performance.
 The Gensler design team had anticipated that significant reduction in both tower structural wind
loading and wind cladding pressures could be established if the building further improved its
proposed geometry following the variables previously explained.
 Several scenarios were proposed involving rotation at 90°, 120°, 150°, 180°and 210°and then
scaling off 25%,40%, 55%,70%and 85%.
 Results acquired through this process have shown that ascaling factor of about 55%and rotation at
120°can account for up to 24%savings in structural wind loading and cladding pressure reduction.
 This equates to about $50million (USD) in savings in the building structure alone. Additionally, it
helped optimize and distribute maximum cladding loads on the building while maintaining desired
aesthetics. Aesthetic concerns prevented the 180°rotation from being pursued, even though it
would reduce loading by an additional 9%.
BUILDING DESIGN : WIND TUNNEL SCALIG & ROTATION MODEL

Shanghai tower: wind tunnel study scaling models (left) and wind tunnel study rotation models (right).
SUSTAINABLE HIGHLIGHTS

The Shanghai Tower features some extraordinary nature-friendly aspects suchas:

 The inner glass, part of the buildings façades, uses14percent lessglassthan abuilding occupying the same
area but in asquare design.
 The glassfaçade minimizes energy consumption.
 By having two skin layers forming the building façade the Tower creates thermal buffer zones, that improves
indoor air quality.
 Some of the building’s parapets are designed to collect rainwater, used for tower’s heating andAC systems.
 Shanghai Tower’s spiral shape creates an asymmetrical surface that reduces wind loads acting on thebuilding.
 Water treatment plants recycle grey water and storm water for irrigation and toilet use.
 A 38%water consumption reduction is achieved by having interim water storage tanks distributed within the
tower allowing the water pressure to be maintained by gravity.
 Shanghai Tower hastwo chiller plants, strategically located, in the building reducing energy required to pump
chilled water.
 On-site power is generated by wind turbines located directly beneath the parapet.
 Building is designed to save21.59%in annual energycosts.
THANK YOU