Plan, Design and Development of

Port Facilities

By:

Susantha Abeysiriwardana
M.Sc.(Marine Technology), C.Eng., B.Sc.(Hongs), MIE(SL)
Project Director (Colombo Port Expansion Project) /
Chief Engineer (Planning and Development)
Sri Lanka Ports Authority
1 susantha@slpa.lk
 Out Line
1. Introduction
2. Port Planning
3. Design and Development
4. Layout / Port Operation
5. Construction Breakwater, Quay Wall and Jetties
6. Dredging and Handling Dredging Material
7. Other Projects

2
 1. Introduction
Port
A port is a location on a coast or shore containing one or
more harbors where ships can dock and transfer people or cargo to
or from land. Port locations are selected to optimize access to land
and navigable water, for commercial demand, and for shelter from
wind and waves.

Port of Colombo at Present Port of Colombo in Near Future

3
SLPA
LOGO
Ports

Port of Kanakasanthurei

Port of Trincomalee

Port of Oluvil
Port of Colombo

Port of Galle Port of Hambantota

 Operational Performance of Port of Colombo
CARGO THROUGHPUT (M.T. '000) - PORT OF
COLOMBO
80,000
2005 - 2015
SHIP ARRIVALS - PORT OF COLOMBO
2005 - 2015 70,000
60,000

M.T. ('000)
6,000
50,000
5,000 40,000
30,000
4,000
NO. OF SHIPS

20,000
3,000 10,000
0
2,000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
M.T('000) 34,52 39,42 43,50 47,96 46,37 58,76 62,01 61,70 63,48 70,79 73,71
1,000 YEAR

0
200
5
200
6
200
7
200
8
200
9
201
0
201
1
201
2
201
3
201
4
201
5
 Total Tonnage
NO. OF
3,92 4,22 4,32 4,42 4,11 3,91 4,12 3,87 3,66 3,74 4,19
YEAR CONTAINER THROUGHPUT (TEUs '000) - PORT OF
SHIPS
COLOMBO
6,000

 Ship Traffic 5,000

2005 - 2015

TEUs ('000) 4,000

3,000

2,000

1,000

0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
TEUs('000) 2,455 3,079 3,381 3,687 3,464 4,137 4,263 4,187 4,306 4,908 5,185
YEAR

 Container Throughput
Unconstrained Colombo Forecast (TEU )
• Currently more
than 12% of all
containers
handled at ISC
ports
(IND+BGD+PAK)
are transhipped
at Colombo.

• Strong
economic
growth in the
ISC region is
projected to
support future
growth in
Colombo
transhipment

7
Container handling forecast of Port of Colombo in each terminal
 Development of East Container Terminal

Port Capacity with SCT in Operation

(million TEU per year)

• Total capacity at Colombo is currently projected to reach 7.1 million TEU in 2016
• Utilisation levels above 100% are forecast beyond 2017

9
National Port Master plan

National Policy
 Vision of the sector
 Strategy of Sri Lankan Port
 Direction of SLPA restructuring among others,
 Future cargo estimation of the nation
target market
 Trade facilitation

Individual Port Development

Plan
Direction of each individual Port development
Industrial development plan and connection
with national expressway networks
Facilitate public and private investment in the
sector
Identifying the Prioritized projects for
investment from Public or private sector
PORT OF COLOMBO
10
CPEP Phase II North Port

WCT Extension
3
4

WCT
ECT JCT I & II Deepening

JCT IV extension 35
7.1Million
14
11 MillionTEU
TEU

5 YEAR PLAN
15 YEAR PLAN
Maritime Centre
30 YEAR PLAN
Port of Galle Short Term Plan

Ship Repair
Workshop

Yacht
Marina
Phase - 1

Service Boat Cable Depot

Berthing Facility
Port of Galle Long Term Plan

Yacht
Marina
Phase - 2

Yacht Marina
Phase - 3

Port
Development
Project
Hotel Project

•Awaiting for UNESCO approval to initiate the project

 Port
LOGO of Trincomalee

New Business
 Dockyard,
 Ship repair facility
Cargo increase – Coal – for
Norochcholai and clinker
4.Port of Oluvil

Project Completed in 2012

 Coastal erosion
Northern side of Port
approx. 2.5 km coastal length.
 Sand siltation
 southern side of port.
port entrance channel.
 Discussions to Handover Fishery
harbour to Fishery Habour
Coorperation.
5 LOGO
Hambantota Port Development Project
To be Acquired and
To be Acquired
Compensate Rs 2b
Colombo Kataragama

Future
Plan
New Road

Tank Farm
Phase-II
Current Snapshot of Hambantota Port

Phase-I

Total area of the Port - 1,815 Ha

Industrial Area - 792 Ha
Artificial Island - 42 Ha
 Port of Hambantota
LOGO
Industrial Zone (CT)
Industrial
Container Terminal
Container Terminal
LNG
Industrial Zone

Dockyard
and Ship
Building
85 ha
Industrial Container
Zone (CT) Terminal Tank Farm
Expansion 61 ha

Industrial
Zone Multipurpo
se Berth
Conventional Cargo
Operation
30 ha

5 YEAR PLAN
15 YEAR PLAN
Ro-Ro Operation
25 ha
Artificial Island
42 ha
6. Port of Kankasanthurai

Descriptio 2014 2015 %

n CHANGE

Total
Ships 34
KKS PORT CURRENT STATUS
Arrived 32 -5.9

Total 21,204 31,685 49.4

Cargo
Handled
(Tonnes)
 National Port Planning conti…
Step 3 - Preparation of Preliminary Designs
preliminary plan, improvements in cargo handling rates and
increases in ship sizes, thus leading to the required numbers and
sizes of future berths
examined with new quays, breakwaters, dredged areas and storage
areas proposed
Surveying (bathymetric survey), engineering designs using
topographic and borehole drilling and soil testing and considering
the meteorological conditions – rainfall, winds which will affect ship
berthing activities, waves, currents and sediment transport

Step 4 - Environmental Assessment

possible fatal constraints such as contaminated land, disposal of
dredged materials, flora and fauna, noise, dust, etc.
full environmental impact assessment and monitoring.
19
 Port Planning conti…
Step 5 - Development of the Port Master plan (layout drawing)
future long-term development of the port area (often over the
next 25 years)
define the immediate requirements

Step 6 - Economic and Financial Assessment

financial status of the project; internal rate of return (IRR)

20
 3. Design and Development
Definitions
Breakwaters
Breakwaters are structures constructed on coasts as part of coastal
defense or to protect an anchorage from the effects of both weather
and long shore drift.

Quay wall
a landing place, especially one of solid masonry, constructed along
the edge of a body of water; wharf.

Jetties
any of a variety of structures used in river, dock,
and maritime works that are generally carried out in pairs from river
banks, or in continuation of river channels at their outlets into deep
water; or out into docks, and outside their entrances; or for
forming basins along the coast for
21 ports in tide less seas.
 COLOMBO PORT EXPANSION PROJECT

 Bird’s Eye View

22
 MAJOR CONSTRUCTION WORKS
CPEP Infrastructural Development
– Site Preparation
– Lop Construction
– Break Water Construction
– Quarry Operation
– Dredging & Reclamation
– Armour Unit Construction
– Relocation Of Oil Pipe Line
– Road Network

23
 PROJECT FEATURES
Date of Commencement : 11th April 2008
Target Date of Completion : 10th April 2012
Estimated Cost : Rs 36,355,198,496/=
Funded By - ADB & SLPA
Consultant - Scott Wilson Ltd.
Contractor - Hyundai Engineering & Construction ltd.
Break Water Building
MBW length :5.14km Pilot Station/ Port Control Tower : 530 m2
SBW length :1.10km Crew Accommodation Building : 2000 m2
Terminals (3nos) Basin
length :1.2km Depth -18.0 (LWOST)
width :0.480km Area - 260 Ha.
No. of berths :3 nos
Dredging
Access channel
width : 570m Volume – 15.5 million Cu m
Depth : 20.0 m
Internal roads
6 lanes Length : 0.6 km
4 lanes Length : 1.4 km
2 lanes Length : 2.0 km
Width of lane : 3.7 m 24
CONSTRUCTION MILESTONES Colombo port
Expansion Project

Ch 3750 in
Ch. 2000 in 23 43 months
months

Completion
in 48
months

25
4. Layout and Operation of the Port

26
4. Layout and Operation of the Port Conti..
1. Ship berth
2. Quay Crane Operation
3. Load on to Terminal
Tractors
4. To Stacking yard

27
5. Construction Break Water, Quay
Wall and Jetties

TYPICAL CROSS SECTIONAL

28 VIEW
 PHASE I
CPEP -HIW
Breakwater Construction Sequence
R.L

+10.30 WAVE
WALL
+8.00
+7.20 2
8 7 1
+5.00
4 +4.50
CORE-LOC 8.5m3 3 +3.50 +3.00 8

10.35 +1.50
1
L.W.O.S.T. 1
1
ROCK 1.3-2.9T 2 6 5 SAND FILL

4 QUARRY RUN
5-500mm
ROCK 8-12T 3
3 4
-8.48 BEDDING LAYER
ROCK 1.8-3.4T
2 5-100mm
1 M3
-11.57 QUARRY RUN 1 CEMENT BOUND MATERIAL
2 4 1
5-500mm GEOTEXTIL FILTER
1 M2 -13.77
SAND FILL
3 M1 QUARRY RUN -15.77 5
2
-17.60 1
4 SAND

Excavation, Filter Layer & EXISTING SEA BED LEVEL

Concrete
Surcharge
Quarry
Sand
Remaining
Armour
Wave
Reclamation
Armour
Run&Wall
Rock
Removal
(Core)
RockBlock
Filling
 Breakwater Construction

View from Galle

Face Light House View from Galle Face Light House
During construction
30
 Main Breakwater- Core Construction
Marine Based and Land Based Unloading Quarry Run
Methods Use for Constructing
Core of the Breakwater

Bedding Layer Placing

31
 WAVE WALL CONSTRUCTION

Wave Wall Key Formwork

32
 MAIN CHANNEL DREDGING &
DIVERSION OF SUBMARINE PIPELINE

LAGOON

HAMBANTOTA
CITY

33
 Break Water Construction

LAGOON

HAMBANTOTA
CITY

MATARA – KATARAGAMA Rd
34
Submarine Pipeline

HAMBANTOTA
CITY

35
Completed Main Breakwater

36
Completed Secondary Breakwater

37
Completed Infrastructural Project

Sri Lanka Ports Authority

SUBMARINE PIPELINE

39
TRANSPORTATION OF ROCK MATERIALS

LAGOON

HAMBANTOTA
CITY

Load Out Point at Wadduwa

MATARA – KATARAGAMA Rd
40
LOGO
SOUTH CONTAINER TERMINAL (SCT)
THE FIRST TERMINAL OF
COLOMBO PORT EXPANSION PROJECT

SCT is to be operated on BOT basis

Developer : Colombo International Container Terminals Limited
(CICT)
Effective Date : 1st December 2011
Term of BOT Agreement : 35 Years41
CICT PROJECT FEATURES
Quay Length :1200 m
No. of Berths : 3 - 4 berths
Capacity : 2.4 M TEU
Depth :18m

Construction Details:-
Date of Commencement : 16th December 2011
Date of Completion : May 2014 (Phase I - 600m Quay)
Nov. 2016 ( Phase II (Entire Terminal)

Estimated Cost : US$ 500 million

Consultant : AECOM of Hong Kong
Civil Contractor : China Harbour Engineering Company Ltd.

42
 Scope of Work :
1200m long caisson quay wall structure
Dredging the Harbour basin to -18m
Reclaiming the Terminal
Revetments
Container Yard
Buildings
Roads
Utilities

43
SCT Construction Highlights
Quay Wall Structure

44
SCT CONSTRUCTION HIGHLIGHTS
Quay Wall Structure

45
SCT CONSTRUCTION HIGHLIGHTS
Temporary Cofferdam

46
Ground Improvement

47
48
Empty Container Yard

49
Drainage and Service Channel

50
Buildings

51
 6. Dredging and Handling
Dredging Material
 Dredging for sand fill

Sand extraction process

Sand fill process

52
 Dredging Habour Basin

53
 7. Other Projects
Proposed CFS Operation and Cargo Value Added Service Area

Background
 Expansion of cargo operation and logistics in Port of Colombo have
been confined due to limited land availability.

 In global context, sufficient lands have been utilized next to commercial

ports for port and logistic business. Ex. Singapore Port - 4000 ha
Roterdam Port - 9000 ha

 Requirement of allocation of land close to Colombo Port (Northern Part)

has been identified in the Western Region Megapolis Plan - 2004.

 The area is highly conjested with residential facilities.

54
Proposed CFS Operation and Cargo Value Added Service Area

Allocation of Land Adjacent to Colombo Port

 450 ha of Land has been identified
close to the port of Colombo.

 Will reduce cost of cargo handling

and provide comfort to the export
industry.

 Regularize and release city traffic

to a certain extent.

 The land is highly populated with

unauthorized constructions.

 Demarcate land for port related

business to avoid further
expansion of unauthorized
constructions.
55
Proposed CFS Operation and Cargo Value Added Service Area

Short Term Solution

 Release the following
area (Approx. 50 ha) for
the port related
activities and logistic
business.

 It inclusive of SLPA land

extent of 10 ha.
SLPA
Existing
 At present, SLPA lands Land (10 ha)
are utilized for SLPA
quarters.

56
 Galle Port Development

A revised proposal of constructing a breakwater to protect entire Galle Bay,

in order to facilitate a multi-purpose berth and berthing facilities for leisure
crafts

 Existing port extent 20 ha

 Expected habour extent 300 ha
 Main Breakwater length 850m
 Secondary Breakwater length 150m
 Causeway 700m
 Depth of the basin 12.5m
 Turning circle 450m
 Navigation channel width 160m

57
 Safety..!!!

Harbour Safety
Our priority is a safe harbour for everyone. At peak times the harbour is a
busy place but with a little thought, understanding and courtesy, everyone
can enjoy the harbour in safety. We strongly encourage harbour users to
undertake appropriate training to enhance their competence, safety and
enjoyment. Please put safety first and always wear a lifejacket when afloat.

Follow the rules of International Maritime Organization (IMO)

Marine safety, Operational Safety and Industrial safety

VHF Radio, Lifejackets and Lifesaving Equipment, Safe

Speed, Vessel Licensing Regulations, Sign Board, Fire
protection precautions, Reporting Incidents or Damage
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59
60
61
Safety Helmet

safety jacket

safety gloves

safety boot
62
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