Magnetic Induction based secured Defense

Communications using Underground Wireless

Networks

Presented by, Project Supervisor

Batch Members (Register No) Guide Name
B.E ECE Designation
Chennai Chennai
 ABSTARCT
• To Design a Defense Communications using Underground
Wireless Networks(UWN)

• This project which has an ability to give commands to soldiers

in real time through secured soil communication.

• This system will help to secure from the hackers, search and
rescue operation efforts of army control unit.

• The wireless communication network is created by UWN

transceivers using Magnetic induction Topology
 OBJECTIVE
• In earlier security systems, data transmission between
two army stations was being hacked by terrorists,
enemy nations and even spies.

• data security is very important especially from

defense point of view.

• In this project approach a magnetic induction based

underground soil wireless data transmission between
army stations to soldiers.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
TITLE AUTHOR YEAR PROPOSED
WORK

1.Path loss X. Yu, W. Han, and Agricultural electromagnetic

estimation for Z. Zhang Research, vol. 6, no. waves propagation
wireless 1, pp. 97–102, Mar for a wireless
underground sensor 2017. underground sensor
network in network is
agricultural described.
application

2. Mining Nikita Jain , International This paper proposes

Underground Alert Deepali Virmani , Conference on a novel conjunct
Signals for Seismic Rachita Gupta , Signal Processing framework for
Detection using Kanika Gupta , and Communication detecting
Wireless Sensor Akshat Bansal (ICSPC’17) – 28th underwater and
Nodes & 29th July 2017 underground
seismic activity
 LITERATURE REVIEW
TITLE AUTHOR YEAR PROPOSED
WORK

3. Underground MO LI and Information This paper

Coal Mine YUNHAO LIU Sciences, vol. 418- approach a
Monitoring with 419, no. Structure-Aware
Wireless Sensor Supplement C, pp. Self-Adaptive
Networks 463 – 479, 2017 sensor system,
SASA, which aims
to provide a feasible
framework for
underground
monitoring in coal
mines.
4.Smart A. Salam and M. in IEEE INFOCOM a soil moisture
underground Vuran 2017, May 2017, adaptive
antenna arrays: A pp. 1–9. beamforming
soil moisture (SMABF) algorithm
adaptive is developed for
beamforming planar array
approach structures and
evaluated
 EXISTING SYSTEM
• Near-field communication (NFC) and wireless
power transfer (WPT) methods were approach
for soldier communication.

• Classic techniques based on electromagnetic

(EM) waves are widely used in terrestrial
environment.
 DRAWBACKS
• High Path loss due to EM waves propagation.
• Large Antenna Size
• Low Throughput
• High Power Consuming due to large antenna
• Short Distance.
 EXISITING METHODS PARAMETERS
Path loss 135 DB
Antenna frequency 915 MHZ
Throughput 2.5 kbps
Power 75 W
Distance Upto 10 m
 PROPOSED SYSTEM
• To implement a secured communication device which
has an ability to give commands to soldiers in real
time through the medium of soil.

• New techniques using magnetic induction (MI) create

constant channel condition and can accomplish the
communication with small size coils.
UWN
 BLOCK DIAGRAM
A/D
CONVERTER
UART
CONVERTER QAM
MODULATOR

AMPLIFIER
…………………
…………………
………………..
SOIL
TX COIL

UWN TX
SPEAKER
RX COIL
VOICE UART
MODULE ATMEGA 328 CONVERTER
A/D CONVERTER
MICRO
CONTROLLER
QAM
LCD DEMODULATOR

AMPLIFIER
POWER
 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
• ATMEGA 328 MICROCONTROLLER
• UWN TRANCEIVER
• UART CONVERTER
• LCD DISPLAY
• VOICE MODULE
• SPEAKER
• LCD
• POWER SUPPLY
 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
• ARDUINO IDE
• ARDUINO COMPILER
• EMBEDDED C
 MODULES

Module 1:Interfacing PC With UWN Transmitter

Module2:Interfacing Microcontroller With UWN

Receiver

Module3:Interfacing Microcontroller With LCD And

Voice Module
UWSN TRANSMITTER SPECIFICATION
 Magnetic Induction
• Magnetic induction (MI) is a promising alternative
physical layer technique for WUSNs in deep burial depth.

• It can address the problems on the dynamic channel

condition and the large antenna size of the EM waves
techniques.

• In MI communication, the transmission and reception are

accomplished with the use of a small size coil of wire.
MI COMMUNICATION CHANNEL MODEL
MAGNETIC FIELD PROPAGATION
 QAM TECHNIQUES

• Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, QAM utilises both

amplitude and phase components to provide a form of
modulation that is able to provide high levels of spectrum
usage efficiency.

• Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, QAM is a signal in which

two carriers shifted in phase by 90 degrees are modulated and
the resultant output consists of both amplitude and phase
variations.
 WORKING
• At the transmitter’s side, One RS232 converter is
used for conversion of message transmitted from PC
to UWSN Transmitter.

• The messages can send from any module and there is

a choice that the message is either broadcast or can
send to a specific module.

• After encoding the data, is sent in free soil for

transmission purpose.
 CONTD..
• At remote soldier side, we have designed a
wireless device for transmitting and receiving
message to and from main base station.
• A 16*2 LCD is used for displaying message.
• We have designed a 32 voice play back
module for giving voice message.
• Here also we have used one ATMEGA 328
microcontroller and a UWSN receiver for
communication purpose.
 ADVANTAGES
1. The soil should be free of the presence of magnetite.

2. The soil permeability has been considered to be the same as

that of air, which is 4πx10-7H/m. This is due to the reason
that path loss in MI communication is not affected by the
medium.

3. The average noise level of the soil should be -103 dBm to

achieve the target BER of 10^-3.
 CONCLUSION
• The “Secure wireless communication for military application”
is an effective security and safety system which is made by
integrating the advancements in wireless and embedded
technology.

• It helps for a successful secret mission. This system can be

used in critical conditions.

• By implementing this system we can improve the security and

safety of our country.
 FUTURE SCOPE
• In future, the main focus of the research in this area seems to lie in
more advanced cross-layer optimization techniques, which would
incorporated multiple functionalities of the MI-WUSNs, e.g. design
of energy-efficient high throughput MI-WUSNs.

• Also, the use of mixed active and passive MI relays with different
operation patterns is promising, which might reduce the path loss for
information and energy transmissions.

• e.g. interface between underground WSNs and self-driving cars.

These interfaces might give rise to some novel applications of IoT.
 REFERENCES
[1] I. Akyildiz, W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam, and E. Cayirci, “Wireless
sensor networks: A survey,” Comput. Netw. J. (Elsevier), vol. 38, no. 4, pp.
393–422, Mar. 2016.
[2] I. Akyildiz and M. Vuran, Wireless Sensor Networks. Wiley, 2017.
[3] I. Akyildiz and E. Stuntebeck, “Wireless underground sensor networks:
Research challenges,” Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 669–686, Nov.
2016.
[4] M. Vuran and A. Silva, “Communication Through Soil in Wireless
Underground Sensor Network: Theory and Practice,” in Sensor Networks,
G. Ferrari, Ed. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017.
[5] R. Bansal, “Near-field magnetic communication,” in IEEE Antennas and
Propagation Magazine, vol. 46, no. 2, April 2017, pp. 114–115.
[6] A. Karalis, J. Joannopoulos, and M. Soljacic, “Efficient wireless non-
radiative mid-range energy transfer,” Annals of Physics, vol. 323, no. 1, pp.
34– 48, Jan. 2017.
THANK YOU