Graphics Communication

Introduction:
 Engineering drawing is a language used to relate and
communicate ideas between professionals and non-
professionals if need be.

 Learning the language of technical graphics allows you

to visualize problems more clearly and use graphic
images to find solutions with more ease.

 Importance of Engineering drawing: Visualization,

Communication, & Documentation

 92% of the design process is graphically based.

Graphics Communication
Introduction:

16%
3-D Modeling and
25%
Documentation
Manufacturing
Engineering
Functional Design
15%
Engineering Analysis

Other

19%

25%
Graphics Communication
Introduction:

 Why is graphics design so important?

 Try to describe to someone a product in words that
will later need to be manufactured or built. It’s
harder than with words.
Graphics Communication
Introduction:

 Engineers must fulfill two important aspects of

design: Aesthetics and Function
Engineering Design Process
Introduction:

 Design: process of conceiving or inventing ideas &

communicating those ideas to others.

 It requires input from such areas as customer

needs, materials, capital, energy, time
requirements, & human knowledge/skills
 Engineering Design Process
Traditional Engineering Design:

 It is a linear approach divided into a number of

steps. It moves through each step in a sequential
manner; if problem comes up, the process may
return to previous step (called iteration or looping)

Problem
Identificatio Refinement Documentatio
n n

Preliminar Implementatio
Analysis
y Ideas n
Engineering Design Process
Concurrent Engineering Design:
 It is a nonlinear team approach to design that
brings together the input, processes, & output
elements necessary to produce a product.
 The people & processes are brought together at
the beginning (not typical in linear)
 Team made up of: design & production engineers,
technicians, marketing & finance personnel,
planners, & managers.
Engineering Design Process
Concurrent Engineering Design:
 Three activities that make up the concurrent design
process are: Ideation, Refinement, & Implementation.

 3-D Modeling is extremely important in this type of

design process.
Engineering Design Process
Concurrent Engineering Design:
 Graphics Communication
What you Will Learn:

 Visualization: the ability to mentally control visual

information
 Graphics Theory: geometry and projection techniques
 Standards: sets of rules that govern how parts are made
and technical drawings are represented
 Conventions: commonly accepted practices and methods
used for technical drawings
 Tools: devices used to create engineering drawings and
models, including both hand-held and computer tools
 Applications: the various uses for technical graphics in
engineering design, such as mechanical, electrical, and
architectural
Graphics Communication
Technical Drawing Tools:

 Three basic types of drawings: Freehand sketches,

Instrument drawings, & Computer Drawings and
models.
 Most widely used tool is computer-aided
design/drafting (CAD). CAD is a computer
software and related computer hardware that
supplements or replaces traditional hand tools in
creating models and technical drawings.
 Graphics Communication
Traditional Tools:

 Traditional Tools are devices used to assist the

human hand in making technical drawings.
Straighter lines, perfect circles, & faster speed of
drawing
 They included:
1. Wood & mechanical pencils
2. Instrument set, compass & dividers
3. 45- & 30/60-degree triangles
4. Scales
5. Irregular curves
6. Protractors
7. Erasers & erasing shields
8. Drawing Paper
9. Circle Templates
10. Isometric templates
 Graphics Communication
Parts of a CAD System:
 CPU (hardrive)
 Input (mouse/keyboard)
 Output (monitor/printer)
 Operating System (Windows/Mac)
 Software (Microstation, Auto-CAD)
Graphics Communication
The Hardrive:
 Graphics Communication
CAD Software:

Common basic features:

 Commands to generate geometry

 Functions for controlling views
 Modifiers for changing drawing geometry
 Annotation Commands for adding text, dimensions, and
notes
 Others
 Graphics Communication
Engineering Design Uses Sketching & CAD:

 Ideas are initially sketched and then more accurate

CAD drawings are created
 A single accurate CAD database can be used to go
from ideation to manufacturing and documentation
 Finite Element Analysis, 3-D Rendering, Animation,
Documentation, Rapid Prototyping software are
available for use with CAD
 Graphics Communication
Terminology:

 CAD: Computer Aided Design

 CADD: Computer Aided Design & Drafting
 CAM: Computer Aided Manufacturing
 CIM: Computer Integrated Manufacturing
 CAE: Computer Assisted Engineering
 CAPP: Computer-Aided Process Planning
 MRP: Material Requirement Planning
 EDM: Enterprise Document/Data Management
 CAE: Computer Assisted Engineering
 Blue Print Reading: Interpreting drawings made
by others
Engineering Drawing
 Engineering Drawing
Intro:

 An effective means of communicating technical ideas &

solutions using a clear and precise language with definite
rules and regulations
 The primary medium for communicating and developing
design concepts
 It removes language barrier between technical & non-
technical audiences
 Follows a system of standards
 Engineering Drawing
Standards:

 Standards ensure that drawings convey the same

information to everyone who interprets them
 Standards organizations like ANSI (American National
Standards Institute) & ISO (International Standards
Organization) publish standards detailing how drawings
should be created so they can be interpreted universally
 Example: ANSI Y14.5M-1994-Dimensions and Tolerance
Engineering Drawing
Standards:
 Engineering Drawings
Conventions:

 Conventions are commonly accepted practices, rules, or

methods (i.e.. hidden lines, dimension lines…)
 Most important convention is Alphabet of Lines
established by ASME called linestyles
 Line patterns communicate what the line represents in
the drawing
 Line patterns tell you information such as whether the
line is hidden, visible, or a centerline
 Views should be selected to minimized the use of hidden
lines
 Precedence of lines: Visible  Hidden  Center
Engineering Drawings
Alphabet of Lines:
Engineering Drawings
Alphabet of Lines: