Linear Circuit

Analysis

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A Crude History of Electricity
• 600 BC: Ancient Greeks rub amber on cat fur to
produce static charge

• 1720’s: Stephen Gray shows that static

charges can be ‘conducted’ from point
to point

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 History (Cont.)
• 1750’s: Benjamin Franklin - Performed his
famous kite experiment that proved lightning
• was electricity. He introduced the current
convention.

• 1800’s: Alessandro Volta makes his Voltaic

Pile using zinc and copper disks submersed in
an electrolytic solution (acid), thus re-inventing
the battery, 1800 years after the Persians

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 History (Cont.)
• 1820’s: Hans Oerstad discovers electromagnetism
with his famous “compass and current- carrying wire”
experiments
– Andre-Marie Ampere defines electric current and
electromagnetism, invents the ammeter
– George Ohm delivers his theory of electricity,
including what later became Ohm’s Law.

• 1830’s: Faraday investigated the effects of

electromagnetic induction with his induction ring. He
also helped to popularize science.
• 1870’s: First electric bulb by Thomas Edison
• 1880’s: AC motor intoduced by Nicola Tesla
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 What do an
Electrical Engineer
do?
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 What do an Electrical Engineer do?

• Electrical Engineers design,

construct, analyze and
improve electrical and
electronic components and
systems in all shapes and
sizes.
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 Linear Circuit Analysis:
• Textbook: Alexander/Sadiku – Fundamentals
of Electric Circuits. 3rd Ed.

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 Grading Policy:

• Quizzes: 20%
• Assignment: 10%
• Midterm: 20%
• Final: 50%

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 Linear Circuit Analysis:
Introduction
• By linear we mean a circuit or device
having an output that is proportional to the
input.
• An electric circuit is an interconnection of
electrical elements.
• Analysis: The tracing of things to their
source, and the resolving of knowledge into
its original principles.
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Law of Conservation of Charge

• Charge cannot be created or

destroyed, only transferred

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 Flow of electric charge

Electric Current: is the time rate of change of

charge

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Total Charge Transfer

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The direction of current flow

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 Notes on Current

• Current in circuits physically realized by movement of electrons

• Direction of current must be specified by an arrow
• By convention, current direction defined as flow of positive
charge
• Note that positive charge is not flowing physically
• Electrons have negative charge
• They move in the opposite direction of current 29