SAFETY AND HEALTH DIVISION,

ZETRO CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE (ZCOE)

COURSE TITLE:
ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE AWARENES TRAINING.
DATE/ TIME :
12 FEBRUARY 2019, 1130HRS – 1230HRS

VENUE :
AUDITORIUM HALL, ZETRO CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE

COURSE PARTICIPANT :
R&D CENTRAL LOGISTIC STAFF/ ENGINEER, TECHNICIAN/ TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN

COURSE TRAINER/ SPEAKER:

MOHAMAD ZUL KHALILI BIN AZALI
SCOPE OF THIS COURSE:
1. INTRODUCTION of Electrostatic Discharge (ESD).
A. Definition and elaboration about Electrostatic Discharge or ESD.
B. ESD Control Training.
C. Safety Matter
D. Example of Electrostatic Discharge or ESD.

2. The Basic of Electrostatic Discharge or ESD Control

3. Electrostatic Discharge and Grounding of ZSSB Best Practices.

4. Conclusions
Topic 1. Introduction of Electro - static Discharge. (ESD)
INTRODUCTION
A. The written ESD Control Plan should be in accordance with
ANSI/ESD S20.20

a. 100 volt Human Body Model limit as a large majority of the ESD
products greater than 100 volt sensitivity.

b. ESD Association wrote commercial version of MIL-STD-1686

for US Department of Defense which has adopted it

B. ESD training should be repeated as specified in the company’s

written ESD Control Plan. Click link IMG20190211145021.jpg for ETPH
Document.

C. Quizzes in Awareness Guide could be “objective evaluation

technique to ensure trainee comprehension and training adequacy.”
A. Definition and elaboration about Electro
- static Discharge. (ESD)
DEFINITION OF ELECTRO – STATIC
DISCHARGE. (ESD)

 Electro Static Discharge is defined as the transfer

of Electro Static Charges between bodies at different
potential caused by:
a. Direct Contact or,
b. Induced Electro - Static Field

What is ESD Event ??????

 It is an Unplanned Occurrence of Electro – Static

Discharge. (ESD)
What is ESD :
Electrostatic Discharges (ESD) are the most severe form of Electromagnet
Interference (EMI). The human body can build up static charges that range
up to 25,000 volts. These build-ups can discharge very rapidly into a
electrically grounded body, or device. Placing a 25,000-volt surge through
any electronic device is potentially damaging to it.

The most common

causes of ESD are:
 Moving people
 Improper grounding
 Unshielded cables
 Poor connections
 Moving machines
 Low humidity (hot and dry conditions)
B. ESD Control Training.

- Per ANSI/ESD S20.20 Training Plan

Requirement, "Initial and recurrent
ESD awareness and prevention
training shall be provided to all
personnel”
- Act 514 OSHA 1994
- Act 139 FMA 1967
C. Safety Precautions on ESD Matter.

Safety First - Concern WHEN Working Around High Voltage

As important as ESD control is, it is of secondary importance
compared to employee safety
When working with voltages over 250 VAC, ESD personnel
grounding should not be used including Wrist Straps, ESD
Footwear & Garments
Ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCI) and other safety
protection should be considered wherever personnel might
come into contact with electrical sources.
D. Example of Electrostatic Discharge or ESD.

Lightning Zap from a door

 There are innumerable ESD events occurring which you do not see
or feel.
 ESD is the hidden enemy in a high tech manufacturing environment.
Photo of ESD arcing from finger to component
 This is not a computer simulation.
 Technician was connected to a small magneto.

Photos courtesy of Hi-Rel Laboratories, Inc., Spokane, WA

ProtektivePak.com
Two Types of Materials
Conductors

 Electrical Current Flows Easily

 So Can be Grounded
 Examples: metals, carbon and people (due to
impurities the human body's sweat layer)

Materials that are called dissipative are conductors, able to

remove electrostatic charges to ground. The resistance of
dissipative materials is the higher portion of the
conductive range.
Two Types of Materials
Insulators

Insulators or Non-Conductors
• Electrical Current Does Not Flow Easily
• So Cannot be Grounded
Example: Plastics, glass, and dry air

Insulators like this plastic cup

will hold the charge and
cannot be grounded and
"conduct" the charge away.
2. The Basic of Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Control
The Basics Of ESD Control.

1. Ground Conductors.

2. Remove or Neutralize Insulators

with Ionizers.

3. Shield ESDS when Stored or

Transported outside EPA.
Ground Conductors Including People

Personnel Grounding Devices:

 Wrist Straps
o Snug on skin
o Clean
o Cord connected to ground

 Foot Grounders
o Grounding tab under foot
o Worn on both feet
o Contact to ESD floor
Daily Test Personnel Grounding Devices

 Wrist Straps
 Must work, so test wrist
strap daily
 (or use continuous monitors)

 Foot Grounders
 Must work, so test
foot grounder daily
Workstation Grounding Devices

• Dissipative Worksurfaces
- Ground ESD worksurface via
ground cord to common point ground
to equipment ground

• Conductive Floor Mats

– Ground ESD floor mats via
ground cord to equipment
ground

ProtektivePak.com
Clean Using Only ESD Cleaners
• Dissipative WorkSurfaces

– You should be aware of the type of work surfaces and flooring

materials used by your company
– Be sure to keep your work surface clean, and follow the
maintenance procedures recommended by the manufacturer
– Regular cleaners contain
silicone, an insulator

ProtektivePak.com
Neutralize Insulators Via Ionization
Insulators Cannot be grounded
• Ionizer air flow floods area with Ions
- Neutralizing Charge

ProtektivePak.com
Direct Ionizer Air Flow to ESD Sensitive
Items

• Ionizers produce positively and negatively

charged ions
• Fans airflow to cover the work area
• Ionization can reduce static charges on an
insulator or isolated conductors

ProtektivePak.com
Types of Ionizers
• Bench Top Ionizers
• Neutralizing Air Nozzles / Hand Gun
• Overhead Ionizers
• Neutralize charges on insulators and isolated
conductors
• Ionizers require periodic cleaning of emitter pins
• If out of balance (or voltage offset) they can charge
items

ProtektivePak.com
Shield ESD Sensitive Items Outside
Protected Area
Faraday Cage
Since like charges repel, charges will
effect charges rest on the exterior. Charges Kept on
to be conducted Outside of Package:
on surface of
• Closed Metallized Shielding Bag
the conductor.
• Covered In-plant Handler

ProtektivePak.com
ESD Packaging
Electrostatic discharge shield "A barrier or
enclosure that limits the passage of current
and attenuates an electromagnetic field
resulting from an electrostatic discharge."

• ESD bags should be closed and containers have

lids in place
• ESD packaging only be opened at an ESD
protective workstation by properly grounded
personnel.

ProtektivePak.com
ESD Protected Workstations
An ESD protective workstation is an
area that has been established to
effectively control electrostatic charges.
 Grounding all conductors
(including people)
 Removing all insulators
 Or neutralizing process essential
insulators with an ionizer

ProtektivePak.com
ESD Protected Products
Best Practice Remove Insulator or Change
to ESD Version:
• ESD Garments and Gloves
• Conductive Foam & Shunt Bars
• Dissipative Binders & Document Protectors
• Conductive & Dissipative Flooring
• ESD Packaging, bags, boxes, etc.
• Antistatic or Low Charging Tape
• ESD Carpeting, Tiles, etc.
• Dissipative Floor Finishes
• Material Handling Containers

ProtektivePak.com
You Are On The Front Lines Fighting The
Hidden Enemy
Only allow trained or escorted people
in EPA Ground all conductors
including people at ESD workstation.

Test wrist straps at least daily, or use

continuous monitors

Test ESD footwear at least daily, if

used

ProtektivePak.com
You Are On The Front Lines Fighting
The Hidden Enemy
Visually check all grounding cords
to make sure they are
connected.

Handle unpacked ESDS items

only when grounded.

Keep wristband snug, foot

grounder grounding tab in shoe,
and ESD smocks buttoned up
ProtektivePak.com
You Are On The Front Lines Fighting
The Hidden Enemy

 Make sure Ionizers are

maintained and air flow directed at
ESDS items.

Use shielded packaging for

shipping or storing ESD sensitive
items outside the ESD Protected
Area

ProtektivePak.com
3. Electrostatic Discharge and Grounding of
ZSSB Best Practices.
Implications of Poor Operational Practices
Poor Customer Experience
 Frequent system downtime
 Long repair time
 Slow availability of new function

Higher OPEX Costs

 Delayed benefits of innovation
 Lack of flexibility
 Function duplication
 Manual processes

Increased Unquantifiable Risk

 Unforeseen vulnerabilities
 Security breaches
 Data loss
 High Availability – Average Cost of Impact
Average Cost / Hour of
Industry Application
Downtime (US$)
Financial Brokerage Operations $7,840,000

Financial Credit Card Sales $3,160,000

Media Pay-Per-View $183,000

Retail Home Shopping (TV) $137,000

Retail Catalog Sales $109,000

Transportation Airline Reservations $108,000

Entertainment Tele-Ticket Sales $83,000

Shipping Package Shipping $34,000

Financial ATM Fees $18,000

Network Operations Center
4 Prepare the Location – Make Sure the Building is Properly
Grounded

Earth Ground
5 Ground Work Stations Where Network Products Are Physically
Handled

Ground Point

Ground
Point

Ground
Point

Ground
Point

High Level I
6
Prepare Rack Room – Connect Properly to Earth Ground

Earth Ground

High Level I
7
Ground Work Stations Areas When Physically Handling
Network Products

•Example of Good (check

mark) workstation

High Level I
A - Grounding in an electronic equipment room with an existing grounding grid beneath the floor

Building Steel Columns

Power Center

Network Product

Welded – Bounding Strap

Fake- Upper Floor Grounding / Signal Reference Grid

Always
Ground Network Products According to Product Documentation
Instructions
B - Grounding in an electronic equipment room without an existing grounding grid beneath the floor

Always
 Use Resistive Grounding and
Insulating Materials
100% Cotton Wheels Wrist Strap Foot Strap

High Level I

Mid Level II
 Provide Appropriate Ground Paths
to Avoid Generation and Accumulation of Static

Floor mats / floor finishes -insulating floor

High Level I
Always Carry Sensitive Items
Inside ESD Bags

High Level I

Mid Level II

Always Low Level III

Protected ESD mat

High Level I

Mid Level II

Always Low Level III

 High Level I

Mid Level II

Always Low Level III

 High Level I

Mid Level II

Always Low Level III

 High Level I

Mid Level II

Always Low Level III

 Conclusions
I. Static charge issues will not go away. Solving them becomes more
important with technology change.
II. A complete static control program requires grounding, proper material
selection, and ionization to control charge on insulators. Use ANSI ESD
S20.20.
III. SEMI E78 and E129 address static control requirements for the
semiconductor factory of the future, synchronizing with ITRS 2005.
These documents will be harmonized and updated every 2 years.
IV. The discussion of the many issues concerning static charge control in
semiconductors is continuing. Please join the ESD Task Force to be
part of that discussion.

Static control is not an option!

THANK YOU FOR YOUR
ATTENTION
www.zetro.com.my

MOHAMAD ZUL KHALILI BIN AZALI

+(60)-378430856 (Office No.)

+(60)-194600207 (Mobile No.)

z u l k h a l i l i @ z e t ro. c o m . m y

FABRIKAM