ONE-SIDED LIMITS

Definition :

1.Let f any function which defined on open

interval (a,). Then the limit of function f when x
approaches a from the right is equal to L, we write

lim f ( x)  L
xa
 2. Let f any function which defined on open
interval (a). Then the limit of function f
when x approaches a from the left is equal to
L, we write

lim f ( x)  L
xa
 Theorem :
lim f  x   Lexist, if and only if
xa

lim f  x  lim f  x  L
xa xa
(right-hand limit = left-hand limit )
 Example:
lim 5 x  1  5 2   1  11
x2

lim 5 x  1  5 2   1  11
x2

Hence limit exist because right-hand limit = left-hand limit

lim 5 x  1  5 2   1  11
x2
Example: x
Determine lim exist or not.
x 0 x
x x0
x 
 x x0

x 1
lim  lim  1
x 0 x x 0 1

x
lim  lim  1  1
x 0 x x 0
 x
Hence lim
x 0 x does not exist because
left-hand limit  right-hand limit
 INFINITE LIMIT

 afunction
Let f(x) any , .which defined on interval
The limit of f(x) when x increase without bound is
equal to L, then we write

lim f  x   L
x
Let f(x) any function which defined on interval   , a 
The limit of f(x) when x decrease without bound is
equal to L, then we write

lim f  x  L
x
Example:
lim x  1    1  
x  

lim x   x            
2 2
x  
Theorem
If m is any positive number, then

1
a) lim m  0
x   x
1
lim m  0
b.)
x   x
Case 1:
f  x 
lim 
x   g  x   1 
 n
f  x x 
Step : Change the form of by multiplying it with
g  x  1 
 n
x 
where n is the highest power of x in g(x)
Example: .

1.Find the limit

 5  3  
lim  
x   6  1
  
So using the formula we get
 5 3x 
  
 5  3x  x x
lim    lim  
x   6 x  1
  x   6x 1 
  
 x x 
2. Find

Answer
CONTINUITY
 Determine the Continuity from Graph
 

The continuous function graph is the graph which

no disconnect or has ‘hole’.

a
x=a
Continuous
Not-continuous
function
function because the Not-continuous
graph is function because
disconnect at x = a the graph is not
defined at x = a
 Continuity at
Point
Definition:
Any function f(x) is called continuous at point x = a
if and only if it meets the following three conditions
below:
a. f(a) is defined
lim f ( x) lim f ( x)  lim f ( x)
b. xa exist like xa xa

c. f (a)  xlim
a
f ( x)

If any conditions above are not fulfilled then f(x)

is not-continuous at x = a.
Example:
Determine whether this function continuous or not at x
= 4.

2
f  x  
 x
 2
f  x  
 x
Answer:
a.) f  a   f  4  2
b.) lim f ( x)  lim x 4 2
xa x  4

lim f ( x)  lim 2  2
xa x  4
lim f ( x)  2
x4
c.    lim f ( x)  2
f 
 4 
x4

f  4   lim 2  2

x4
Therefore f(x) continuous at x=4
The END